BIOLOGY 1002 Chapter 44
Water Transport in Plants -- The Path of Water 1- 2- 3- 4- 5-
1- Into the roots 2- Up the xylem 3- In a film on the surface of leaf cells 4- In the air spaces inside the leaves 5- Out the Leaf pores
Ground tissue is indicated by the letter _____.
A
Which of the following allows plants to be selective about the molecules that enter the xylem?
A waxy barrier in the plant root.
At a sugar sink, sugar is removed from phloem by _____.
Active transport
_________ ________ are groups of plant cells located at the tips of roots and shoots. These cells produce primary growth.
Apical meristems
How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf?
CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface.
___________ is the tendency of water molecules to stick together. This attraction creates a column of water within a plant's xylem tubes that extends for the entire height of the plant.
Cohesion
Which of these tissues is between the epidermis and a vascular bundle in a young dicot stem?
Cortex
Why aren't epidermal cells of roots coated with cuticle?
Cuticle would prevent roots from absorbing water and minerals.
The region surrounded by guard cells is indicated by the letter _____.
D
Xylem is indicated by the letter _____.
D
Pith is indicated by the letter _____.
E
The concentration of nutrients in plants is approximately the same as the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding soil. True or False?
False
What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life?
Meristem cells
Diffusion doesn't require energy. Why do plants expend energy to actively transport minerals into root hairs?
Mineral concentrations in the soil are too low for diffusion.
You discover a plant that has unusual fruit around the seed and leaves with parallel veins. In which of the two major groups of flowering plants does it belong, and why?
Monocots, because it has parallel veins
_____ transport(s) sugars from leaves to, for example, taproots.
Phloem
Which of these processes is responsible for leaves being considered sugar sources?
Photosynthesis
What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots?
Plasmodesmata
Which of the following describes the correct order in which water moves through a plant and into the atmosphere?
Root, xylem, leaf cells, air space inside leaves, outside air.
Which of the following makes up most of an old tree trunk?
Secondary xylem
You found the following plants growing on campus during a field trip: a small plant with a notable absence of root hairs; a short, stubby plant with an enlarged taproot; a tall annual herb with fungal strands extending from its roots; a low-growing plant with nodules on the roots; and a woody shrub with an extensive fibrous root system. Based on this scenario, which plant is most likely a legume with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
The plant with the root nodules
What would you expect to be missing in a plant that exhibits primary growth but not secondary growth?
Thick woody branches
_________ ___________ are strands of xylem and phloem that conduct materials between the leaf and the rest of the plant body.
Vascular bundles
Water Transport in Plants -- Paths Within a Root a- b- c- d- e-
a- A path through the cytoplasm of root cells b- A path through cell walls c- Waxy barrier d- Xylem e- Root hair
With regard to the cohesion-tension mechanism, "cohesion" refers to the
attraction of water molecules for one another.
The water pressure that pushes water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink is referred to as _____.
bulk flow
_____ is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to taproots; _____ is responsible for the movements of sugar from taproots to leaves.
bulk flow....bulk flow
How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained?
by the division of its cells
All of the following are major functions of roots EXCEPT
carrying out photosynthesis.
Vascular cambium forms wood toward the stem's _____ and secondary phloem toward the stem's _____.
center ... surface
Which of the following terms describes water molecules sticking to other water molecules?
cohesion
The ________ mechanism explains the movement of water and minerals through xylem.
cohesion-tension
Most of a carrot, which is adapted for carbohydrate storage, is
cortex
Sweet potatoes and beets are examples of perennial plants that transport sugar to roots for storage in the root's __________.
cortex
The letter A indicates _____.
cortex
The part of a plant's primary root or stem located between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder is called the _______. In the root, its innermost layer is the ____________, which helps control the movement of water and minerals through the root.
cortex; endodermis
When potassium ions are transported into guard cells, water
enters the guard cells by osmosis.
Root hairs develop from the:
epidermis
The letter A indicates the _____.
epidermis
The __________ is the outermost cell layer covering leaves, young roots, and young stems. Above ground, these cells are coated with a waxy ________ that limits the evaporation of water.
epidermis ;cuticle
All of the following are characteristic of the monocots EXCEPT which of the following?
flower parts in multiples of four or five
The function of a root hair is to
increase the surface area available for absorption in plant roots.
What is the function of cork?
insulation and waterproofing
The loss of water from plants through transpiration
is an important part of the mechanism that pulls water from a plant's roots to its leaves.
Secondary growth NEVER occurs in _____.
leaves
Transparent epidermal cells allow sunlight to reach the __________ in the middle of the leaf, where most photosynthesis takes place.
mesophyll
Flowering plants with one embryonic leaf present in each seed are called __________. Flowering plants with two embryonic leaves present in each seed are called _______.
monocots ;dicots
All of the following are part of a plant's shoot system EXCEPT:
mycorrhizae
The roots of most land plants form symbiotic relationships with fungi. The resulting complexes, called ___________, help the plant obtain minerals from the soil.
mycorrhizae
Bacteria-containing nodules in the roots of legume plants aid in the utilization of
nitrogen
Increases in plant length (such as overall height or branch and root length) result from cell division that occurs
only in apical meristems at shoot and root tips.
Water moves into phloem by _____.
osmosis
In leaves, chloroplasts are found in _____.
palisade mesophyll
Under the influence of hormones, branch roots emerge from the ________ of a growing root.
pericycle
In a dicot stem, the ________ is between the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
phloem
Tiny pores called __________ interconnect adjacent plant cells, allowing small molecules to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of neighboring cells.
plasmodesmata
On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the ________, which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil.
root cap
The letter A indicates _____.
secondary xylem
Sugar moves from leaves into the _____ of _____ by _____.
sieve-tube members ... phloem ... active transport
In a sugar sink, such as a taproot, sugar is converted into _____.
starch
The location of the pericycle is best described as:
the outermost layer of the root vascular cylinder.
What part of the plant would you examine to locate apical meristem cells?
tips of roots and shoots
In the process of __________, water evaporates from a plant's leaves, where it passes into the air through open ________.
transpiration; stomata
_____ provides cells for secondary growth.
vascular cambium
The ________ ________ of a plant's root contains the conducting tissues of xylem and phloem. It is encircled by an outer layer of cells known as the _________.
vascular cylinder ;pericycle
A plant's vascular tissue system consists of ________, which transports water and minerals from root to shoot, and _________, which transports water and sugars throughout the plant.
xylem ;phloem
