Biology 101 exam 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? A. Both are permeable to water and small solutes. B. Both contain large amounts of collagen. C. Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. D. Both are permeable to water and small solutes, and both contain large amounts of collagen. E. Both are permeable to water and small solutes, both contain large amounts of collagen, and both are composed primarily of carbohydrates.

A. Both are permeable to water and small solutes.

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? A. Cell B. Organ C. Tissue D. Molecules E. None of the listed responses is correct.

A. Cell

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? A. Embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell B. In a mitochondrion, functioning in ATP synthesis C. In the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted D. In the aqueous interior of a lysosome, functioning as a digestive enzyme E. In the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis

A. Embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they __________. A. Have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm B. Lack a plasma membrane C. Have no ribosomes D. Have a smaller nucleus E. Lack chromosomes

A. Have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Which of the following is false? A. Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. B. Mitochondria have more than one membrane. C. Mitochondria possess their own DNA. D. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae. E. Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.

A. Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.

Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria? A. Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner B. Bacterial cells that are growing on sugars C. Nondividing cells in the skin on your finger D. Inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use E. Photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree

A. Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through ________. A. Plasmodesmata B. Gap function C. Desmosome D. Joint function

A. Plasmodesmata

ALL prokaryotes and eukaryotes share what structures? A. Ribosome, chromosomes, cytosol B. Cell wall, chromosome, cytosol C. Ribosome, plasma membrane, nucleoid region D. Chromosome, cytosol, flagella

A. Ribosome, chromosomes, cytosol

If you are provided with a cube modeling clay, which of the following changes to the shape of this cube will decrease its surface area relative to its volume? A. round the clay into a sphere shape B. Roll the clay into a long, noodle shape C. Cut the cube into eight smaller cubes D. Flatten the cube into a pancake shape

A. round the clay into a sphere shape

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? A. Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. B. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. C. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. D. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall. E. Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching.

B. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____________. A. plasma membrane B. Golgi apparatus C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B. Golgi apparatus

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________. A. Free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes B. In bacterial cells C. On the rough ER D. Free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes and on the rough ER E. Free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, on the rough ER, and in bacterial cells

B. In bacterial cells

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A. Chloroplast B. Mitochondrion C. Cell wall D. Central vacuole

B. Mitochondrion

which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell A. Chloroplast B. Ribosome C. Mitochondrion D. ER

B. Ribosome

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but not in plant cells? A. Golgi apparatus B. Mitochondria C. Centrioles E. Rough endoplasmic reticulum F. Plasma membrane

C. Centrioles

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? A. Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part. B. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. C. Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins. D. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes. E. Mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, contain a small amount of DNA.

C. Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Which of the following is false in respect to eukaryotic chromosomes? A. Chromosomes are present even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins. B. All eukaryotic cells possess one or more chromosomes C. Chromosomes are most condensed in the nucleus when the cell is not actively dividing D. Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes

C. Chromosomes are most condensed in the nucleus when the cell is not actively dividing

Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? A. Lysosome → plasma membrane B. Plasma membrane → nuclear envelope C. Golgi apparatus → lysosome D. Nuclear envelope → lysosome E. Golgi apparatus → mitochondria

C. Golgi apparatus → lysosome

which of the following best describes the function of the rough ER? A. Structural support B. Breakdown of molecules C. Manufacturing D. Movement

C. Manufacturing

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four? A. Lysosome membrane B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Mitochondrial outer membrane D. Plasma membrane E. Golgi apparatus

C. Mitochondrial outer membrane

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________. A. Move rapidly B. Absorb nutrients in the GI tract C. Secrete large amounts of protein D. Store large quantities of ions E. Make large amounts of ATP

C. Secrete large amounts of protein

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear envelope? A. the nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores B. The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. C. Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores D. the nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER

C. Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? A. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. B. The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. C. The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. D. The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. E. The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.

C. The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________. A. A microtubule B. The nucleus C. The plasma membrane D. A ribosome E. The endomembrane system

C. The plasma membrane

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? A. Golgi apparatus B. The central vacuole C. Nucleus D. Cilia E. Mitochondria

D. Cilia

which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? A. Golgi apparatus B. Nuclear envelope C. ER D. Cytoskeleton

D. Cytoskeleton

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? A. Lysosomes B. Ribosomes C. RNA D. Golgi apparatus

D. Golgi apparatus

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. A. On free cytoplasmic ribosomes B. In the plasma membrane C. In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. In the rough endoplasmic reticulum E. In the ribosomes of the mitochondria

D. In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? A. Mitochondria B. Actin C. Tubulin D. Motor proteins E. Pseudopodia

D. Motor proteins

Which of the following statements about the role of phospholipids in the structure and function of biological membranes is correct? A. They are triacylglycerols, which are commonly available in foods. B. Phospholipids form a single sheet in water. C. Phospholipids are completely unable to interact with water. D. Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure. E. Phospholipids form a structure in which the hydrophobic portion faces outward.

D. Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? A. Mitochondria B. Transport vesicles C. The nucleolus D. Ribosomes

D. Ribosomes

The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements about that model is true? A. The mosaic aspect of the membrane is due to the glycosylation of phospholipids on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. B. fluid aspect of the membrane describes its structure at normal temperatures, and the mosaic aspect describes the behavior of the membrane as the temperature is lowered. C. Only phospholipids are capable of moving in the membrane. D. The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the mobility of phospholipids, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect. E. The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the behavior of phospholipids, and the mosaic aspect is due to the presence of carbohydrates.

D. The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the mobility of phospholipids, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect.

If plant cells are grown on media containing radioactively labeled thymine for one generation, where will the majority of radioactively labeled macromolecules be detected? A. The nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria B. The nucleus and chloroplasts C. The nucleus and mitochondria D. The nucleus

D. The nucleus

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? A. Plasma membrane B. Ribosomes C. DNA D. Cytosol E. Mitochondria

E. Mitochondria