Biology 1010 ch. 3

How many liters of water does an average human need to replace each day by consuming food or drink?

3

What are the monomer "building blocks" that make up proteins?

Amino Acids

Which macronutrient is the major source of energy for cell processes?

Carbohydrates

Which organelle performs photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

If vitamins help molecules reduce the activation energy for necessary chemical reactions, what is their role within the cell?

Coenzymes

What is a deficiency of water in the body?

Dehydration

During diffusion, how do the solute molecules move?

Down a concentration gradient of solute molecules

How would Amino Acids and Calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a cell membrane?

Facilitated diffusion

Which antioxidant is naturally found in Cocoa?

Flavonol

If a drop of red food coloring is added to a glass of water, how will the red-colored molecules move?

From an area of high concentration of red-colored molecules to an area of low concentration

Which organelle is a stack of membranous sacs that sort proteins to their proper cellular location?

Golgi Apparatus

Why is fiber an important part of a healthful human diet?

It may decrease the risk of certain types of cancers

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that degrade a variety of macromolecules?

Lysosome

Which statement is true about minerals?

Minerals cannot be made by the body

Which organelle performs cellular respiration?

Mitochondrian

How are large substances moved during Exocytosis?

Out of the cell

Why are whole foods better for your health than processed foods?

Processed foods don't contain all the vitamins and minerals found in whole foods

Tanya eats a vegan diet, which means that she does not eat any animal products. What would be a good source of calcium for Tanya?

Spinach

How would the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membrane be described?

The bilayer is differentially permeable

Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure?

The cell component affected is the Vacuole The molecule lost is water

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy for the body. If a candy bar and a pear contain an equal number of calories from carbohydrates, which is a healthier food and why?

The pear is healthier because it contains more vitamins, minerals, and fiber

What is a function of antioxidants?

To decrease damage done to cells by free radicals

In commercial food manufacturing, what is the purpose of hydrogenation?

To make an unsaturated fat more saturated

Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body

True

Processed food describes food that has been stripped of most of its nutrients

True

The nucleus is the compartment in a Eukaryotic cell where DNA is stored as chromatin

True

The plasma membrane is semipermeable which allows certain molecules to pass through while preventing the passage of other molecules

True

Which vitamin could build up to dangerous levels within the body?

Vitamin D

In general, when would the net movement of small, unchanged atoms and molecules through the plasma membrane end?

When the concentration of a solute is equal on both sides of the membrane

Which food is most likely to contain all essential amino acids?

beef

Inside a Eukaryotic cell, the Cytosol is the watery matrix where the organelles are found

true