Biology 102 Final Exam

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?

DNA

In several neurological diseases, axons lose their insulating myelin sheath. What is the consequence of this loss?

Action potential transmission slows down

__ tissue is found in a minimal extracellular matrix and stores fats for energy and insulation.

Adipose

Cells use energy for which of the following?

All answers are correct.

The blood vessel with the thickest walls are the ______.

Arteries

Epithelial tissues are anchored via the ____.

Basement membrane

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

gyrase

You are sorting cards with pictures of organisms and their descriptions into groups with similar organisms. You would place the card with an osprey and the description "organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms" with cards for other ______.

heterotrophs

If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject

histamine

Which would be the primary target for ADH?

kidney

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is

oxidized.

The process whereby scientists submit their research findings to be reviewed by anonymous scientists in their field is called _______ _______.

peer review

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which _____.

potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

The polymers with the most complex and diverse three-dimensional structures are

proteins

In a reflex, the ________ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The ________ transfers the message to the finger.

spinal cord; spinal cord

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the _______.

stomach

When we break polymers into monomers we use this reaction:

Hydrolysis

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

vaccination

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disorder in which motor neurons are destroyed. How would this disorder affect muscle function?

Muscles fail to contract because they do not receive a signal to do so.

Which best describes how a neuron fires?

Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.

Which polymerase is used during translation?

None

What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

Provides a basis for comparison

If the sequence of a DNA template is ATAGCT, the product transcribed is a single stranded ___ molecule with the sequence _____

RNA, UAUCGA

The blood returning to the heart from the body enters into the ____ first, and is then pumped out towards the ____.

Right Atrium, Lungs

Once a week, Mary Ella goes on a 4-mile run before school. She burns 90 Calories per mile. On days that she runs, she treats herself to a chai tea (410 Calories) instead of black tea (0 calories). Assuming everything else in her diet is the same, predict how her weight will change.

She will slowly gain weight

Which is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?

The virus mutates rapidly, changing its outer coat.

The process of translating multiple stimuli into electrical signals is called ____.

Transduction

The AV note sends a signal down the _.

Ventricle walls

Which is the best example of emergent properties?

Welding metal together makes an office building

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

to help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

If you were trying to block an antibody that was causing an autoimmune disease in a patient, you would want to find a way to cover and inactivate the ______.

variable region.

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ________, versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ________.

to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack pathogenic cells in cell-mediated immunity

A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n) _____.

antigen

Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

aspirin

During digestion _ emulsifies (breaks down) fats.

bile

You are working in a diagnostic lab, and you receive a skin biopsy sample. The sample shows several groups of cancerous cells in the epithelium, so you say in your report that you found several _______.

carcinomas

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell ______.

continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

decreased absorption of nutrients

The first cell after fertilization is called a(n) ________.

zygote