Biology 110 chap 10-13 review

Chromosomes are duplicated during __________ of the cell cycle. A) G1 phase B) S phase C) G0 phase D) G2 phase

S phase

__________ contain identical DNA sequences and are held together by __________ during mitosis. A) Sister chromatids; spindle fibers B) Daughter chromosomes; hydrogen bonding C) Sister chromosomes; histone proteins D) Sister chromatids; centromeres

Sister chromatids; centromeres

Breeding a yellow dog with a brown dog produced puppies with both yellow and brown hairs intermixed. This is an example of: A) a polygenic trait. B) incomplete dominance. C) codominance. D) epistasis.

codominance.

The sources of genetic variation during meiosis are: A) random pairing of tetrads and mutations. B) crossing-over and random pairing of tetrads. C) crossing-over and the random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes. D) random pairing of tetrads and random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

crossing-over and the random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

To be linked: A) genes may be far apart on the same chromosome B) genes must be close to each on the same chromosome C) genes may be on non-homologous chromosomes D) genes may be on separate chromosomes

genes must be close to each on the same chromosome

If a test cross results in 50% offspring looking like the parent with the unknown genotype you can surmise that that parent 's genotype is A) homozygous recessive B) homozygous dominant C) you can't tell anything about the genotype D) heterozygous

heterozygous

A dominant allele A) occurs alone B) causes larger, stronger, faster (etc.) characteristics C) is expressed either when homozygous or heterozygous D) is expressed only when homozygous

is expressed either when homozygous or heterozygous

In agriculture, polyploid crops (like coffee, strawberries, or bananas) tend to produce ________ A) smaller yields B) more variety C) more uniformity D) larger yields

larger yields

The mitotic spindle is made of: A) histones. B) microtubules C) keratin. D) collagen

microtubules

The ____ is responsible for the separation of the chromosomes during the ____ of mitosis. A) kinetochore; prophase B) mitotic spindle; interphase C) mitotic spindle; anaphase D) centromere; telophase

mitotic spindle; anaphase

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of: A) multiple linear chromosomes B) a single linear chromosome C) multiple circular chromosomes D) a single circular chromosome

multiple linear chromosomes

The understanding that chromosomes carry genes and that the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed are the result of chromosome behavior during meiosis is: A) the law of segregation B) the cell theory C) the chromosomal theory of inheritance D) Mendels laws

the chromosomal theory of inheritance

A cell is in metaphase if: A) the nuclear envelope is clearly visible. B) cytokinesis is occurring. C) the chromosome are separated into distinct groups at opposite poles of the cell. D) the chromosomes are aligned at the midplane of the cell.

the chromosomes are aligned at the midplane of the cell.

In most animals: A) the somatic cells are haploid B) the only haploid stage are the germ cells that make gamete C) the only haploid stage are the gametes D) there are multicellular haploid tissues

the only haploid stage are the gametes

In fungi: A) the only haploid stage are the gametes B) there are multicellular haploid tissues C) the somatic cells are haploid D) only the germ cells that make gametes are haploid

the somatic cells are haploid

In plants: A) there are multicellular haploid tissues B) the somatic cells are haploid C) Only the germ cells that make gametes are haploid D) the only haploid stage are the gametes

there are multicellular haploid tissues

Which recombination frequency corresponds to perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment? A) 0 B) 0.75 C) 0.25 D) 0.5

0

A brown-eyed couple already has a child with blue eyes. What is the probability that their next child will have blue eyes, assuming that the brown eye allele is dominant and the blue eye allele is recessive? A) 1/4 B) 0 C) 3/4 D) 1/2

1/4

After crossing over the number of genetically different chromatids is: A) 4 B) 1 C) 2 D) 8

4

If the chromosome number in a parent cell is 16 the chromosome number in progeny cells after meiosis is: A) 16 B) 4 C) 32 D) 8

8

A lizard with a striped tail and a normal head is crossed with one having a normal tail and a spotted head. All of the F1 progeny are normal (no stripes or spots). What progeny would be expected to be produced by mating the F1 progeny with each other, if the genes conferring stripes and spots were on different chromosomes? A) equal numbers of normal, striped, spotted and striped, and spotted B) 3 striped : 1 spotted C) 9 striped and spotted : 3 spotted : 3 striped : 1 normal D) 9 normal : 3 striped : 3 spotted : 1 striped and spotted

9 normal : 3 striped : 3 spotted : 1 striped and spotted

What are the possible phenotypes of the children if the mother has Type O blood and the father has type AB blood? A) AB only B) A, B, O C) A, B, AB D) A, B

A, B

The law of segregation states that: A) organisms inherit one allele for each trait B) a gene can exist in only one allele C) there is only one possible genotype for offspring D) Allele pairs separate so that each progeny cell gets a single allele for each trait

Allele pairs separate so that each progeny cell gets a single allele for each trait

Why is color-blindness more common in males than in females? A) Females are hemizygous B) Because a male only needs to receive the recessive gene from his mother to be color-blind. C) Because females would have to receive one copy of the recessive color blindness gene to actually express the trait. D) Because color-blindness is an Y-linked trait.

Because a male only needs to receive the recessive gene from his mother to be color-blind.

Which of the following represents the possible genotype(s) resulting from a cross between one homozygous (TT) individual and one heterozygous (Tt) individual? A) Tt only B) TT; Tt; tt C) TT; Tt D) TT only

TT; Tt

To prevent disastrous consequences, the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by: A) a series of cell cycle checkpoints. B) environmental signals. C) replication. D) interphase

a series of cell cycle checkpoints.

A bacterial chromosome consists of a: A) multiple circular chromosomes B) a single linear chromosome C) a single circular chromosome D) multiple linear chromosomes

a single circular chromosome

If both parents are true breeding for a trait (e.g., hairy), their offspring will be A) all hairy B) none hairy C) a mix of hariness D) 50% hairy, 50% nonhairy

all hairy

Mendel's principle of segregation states that: A) alleles from one parent mask the expression of alleles from the other parent. B) hybrids will express a phenotype intermediate between the two parental phenotypes. C) true-breeding parents produce offspring of the same phenotype D) alleles separate from each other before forming gametes.

alleles separate from each other before forming gametes.

Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate during: A) prophase II. B) anaphase II. C) metaphase I. D) anaphase I.

anaphase I

Sister chromatids separate during: A) anaphase I. B) anaphase II. C) prophase II. D) metaphase I.

anaphase II.

Alleles are found A) at the corresponding site on sister chromatids B) on noncorresponding sites on sister chromatids C) at noncorresponding sites on homologous chromosomes D) at the corresponding site on homologous chromosomes

at the corresponding site on homologous chromosomes

Calico cats have orange and brown spots A) because x inactivation occurs in some cells but not others B) because x inactivation occurs in different x chromosome of different cells C) because x inactivation occurs in male cats D) in cats that are homozygous for color

because x inactivation occurs in different x chromosome of different cells

Suppose you have a chromosome with the body color gene at one end, the eye color gene at the opposite end, and fur color gene halfway between the body color gene and the middle of the chromosome. Which alleles would recombine most frequently? A) fur color alleles with eye color alleles B) body color alleles with fur color alleles C) body color alleles with eye color alleles D) they would all recombine at equal frequencies

body color alleles with fur color alleles

Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs via the formation of a(n): A) plasma membrane B) mitotic spindle. C) cleavage furrow D) cell plate.

cell plate.

By definition, a pericentric inversion includes the ________. A) synapse B) telomere C) chiasma D) centromere

centromere

During prophase, __________ is(are) compacted into visible chromosomes. A) kinetochores B) centromeres C) chromatin D) centrioles

chromatin

Most human somatic cells are: A) haploid B) polyploid. C) diploid. D) aneuploid

diploid.

Nucleosomes are best described as: A) eukaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins. B) prokaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins. C) prokaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins. D) eukaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins.

eukaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins.

X-linked recessive traits in humans (or in Drosophila) are observed ________. A) in more females than males B) in males and females equally C) in more males than females D) there's no way to tell

in more males than females

When certain medium height hybrid plants were crossed, they produced offspring that were dwarf, medium, and tall in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. This is an example of: A) a polygenic trait. B) hybrid vigor. C) incomplete dominance. D) epistasis.

incomplete dominance.

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction? A) making clones B) increased genetic diversity C) reducing variation in the population D) fast reproduction

increased genetic diversity

Allele pairs separate during formation of gametes. The alleles of each homologous pair are transmitted independently of each other. This is called: A) synapsis B) law of segregation C) linkage D) independent assortment

independent assortment

An aquatic plant produces one type of leaf above water and another type of leaf under water. This is most likely an example of: A) interaction of the genotype with the environment. B) one allele not completely masking another allele. C) one gene masking the effect of another gene. D) several different genes interacting.

interaction of the genotype with the environment.

The cell cycle of a typical somatic cell consists of __________ and M phase. A) the S phase B) Meiosis C) cytokinesis D) interphase

interphase

If a cell is in G2: A) it lacks a visible nuclear membrane. B) it has visibly distinct chromosomes. C) it is in mitosis. D) it has twice the amount of DNA present in a telophase nucleus.

it has twice the amount of DNA present in a telophase nucleus.

The correct number of chromosomes is maintained during sexual reproduction A) chromosome doubling in the newly formed zygote. B) meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number by half. C) mitosis, which maintains the original chromosome number. D) a process by which one half of the chromosomes in gametes are removed.

meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number by half.

Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane during: A) metaphase II. B) prophase II. C) prophase I. D) metaphase I.

metaphase I.

Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis during: A) prophase I and II B) prophase I. C) interphase D) prophase II.

prophase I.

When a trait exhibits continuous variation in a population of organisms, it most likely is due to: A) one allele not completely masking another allele B) several different genes interacting. C) variegation. D) one gene masking the effect of another gene.

several different genes interacting.

The pairing of homologous chromosomes is called: A) recombination. B) synapsis. C) crossing-over. D) chiasma

synapsis.

The genotype for a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both height and pea color would be: A) TtYy. B) ttyy C) tt D) TTYY

ttyy

____ organized on chromosomes carry the information that controls the functions of the cell. A) Proteins B) Nucleosomes C) Histones D) Genes

Genes

Why is it important for DNA to be copied before cell division? A) The daughter cells do not need DNA B) The nucleus does not contain enough room for extra DNA. C) Genetic information must be transmitted to the daughter cells. D) The daughter cells need extra copies of the genetic information present in the parent cell.

Genetic information must be transmitted to the daughter cells.

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is FALSE? A) One homolog comes from one parent and the other homolog from the other parent B) Both homologs are present in a zygote. C) Homologs resemble each other in size but not in shape. D) Homologs resemble each other in the kinds of hereditary information they contain.

Homologs resemble each other in size but not in shape.