Biology 1108- Chpt 49-52
A population is growing exponentially and its instantaneous growth rate ® is 0.02. Would the number of individuals added to the population (rN) be greatest at population size (N) of 20,500 or 1000? Section 51.3 1000 500 20 all the populations would have the same number of individuals added to them since r is constant.
1000
What is the combination of resources used and conditions tolerated in the absence of competitors called? Section 52.1 Asymmetric competition A realized niche A fundamental niche Symmetric competition
A fundamental niche
Constitutive defense are __. Section 52.1 used to defend mates from rivals only produced when needed used to defend resources from other species always present
Always present
Jenkins and Buikema tested the Clements-Gleason dichotomy by__. Section 52.2 creating artificial, harmless mimics of toxic species and comparing survival rates of the two studying logged forest clear-cuts and looking at the order and types of plant successions to come in artificially creating sterile ponds and looking at how community structures developed introducing predatory crabs to aquaria and looking at resulting adaptations of prey species
Artificially creating sterile ponds and looking at how community structures developed
Which freshwater environment is characterized by low pH, lack of nutrients and anoxic conditions, making it relatively unproductive? swamp bog marsh stream
Bog
In the lizard species L. vivipa, most females from the colder, mountainous part of the range of live much longer than do individuals from warmer, lowland regions. Compared to lowlands, what life-history trait is expected in lizards living in the mountains? Section 51.2 decreased fecundity increased fecundity equal fecundity
Decreased fecundity
Biomes are major grouping of plant and animal communities that are defined by net primary productivity weather altitude dominant vegetation type
Dominant vegetation type
Which biomes has the ideal conditions for growing crops? deserts arctic tundra boreal forests grasslands
Grassland
Type III survivorship curve has __. Section 51.2 high initial death rates but later high survivorship (e.g. plants) patterns of low survivorship throughout life (e.g. fish) patterns of constant survivorship throughout life (e.g. birds) low initial death rates and later high survivorship (e.g. humans)
High initial death rates but later high survivorship (e.g. plants)
Populations grow due to birds and __. Section 51.2 emigration deaths survivorship immigration
Immigration
Island biogeography theory is based on which two processes? Section 52.4 Population size and community structure Immigration rates and extinction rates Birth rates and carrying capacity Longevity and fecundity
Immigration rates and extinction rates
Where do majority of remaining wildlands occur? near the ocean in hills and mountainous areas near lakes near major rivers
In hills and mountainous area
What is the r max in a species like the giant panda? Section 51.3 it is unstable it is zero it is low it is high
It is low
The competitive exclusion principle states that__. it is not possible for two species to compete for the same resources two species with different niches will not compete for the same resources two species with the same niche will constantly be competing for resources it is not possible for two species with the same niche to coexist in the same region
It is not possible for two species with the same niche to coexist in the same region.
Which zone produces the most grams of organic material/square meter/year? aphotic zone benthic zone littoral zone limnetic zone
Littoral zone
Hanski's study of fritillaries showed that __. Section 51.4 carrying capacity is highly dependent on population structure carrying capacity is quickly exceeded in optimal habitats Glanville fritillaries do best in forested, rich habitats metapopulations are dynamic over time
Metapopulation are dynamic over time.
Bees visiting flowers to harvest pollen and carrying some to pollinate other plants would be considered an example of __. Section 52.1 parasitism mutualism commensalism competition
Mutualism
An example of an age structure influence on human population size is that__. Section 51.5 populations with equal numbers in each age class grow fastest populations dominated by juveniles should experience rapid growth populations dominated by juveniles are more likely to go extinct populations with equal numbers in each age class are more likely to go extinct
Populations dominated by juveniles should experience rapid growth.
Coevolutionary arms races occur between __. Section 52.1 predators and prey species that do not directly interact aggressive species humans only
Predator and prey
What best explains hare and lynx population cycles? Section 51.4 Natural variation in the number of lynxes born The population density of hares The seasonal trends in food availability The interaction of food availability and predation intensity
The interaction of food availability and predation intensity
The study of the Zootoca vivipara lizard showed that __. Section 51.2 females in the low-elevation Netherlands population had low fecundity and low survival. despite dramatic differences in elevation, the low-elevation Netherlands population looked nearly identical to the other populations for fecundity and survivorship. females in the low-elevation Netherlands population had high fecundity and high survival. the low-elevation Netherlands population was intermediate for fecundity and survivorship when compared to other populations.
The low-elevation Netherlands population was intermediate for fecundity and survivorship when compared to other populations.
Succession in an ecological context refers to __. Section 52.3 the sequence of changes that a species goes through during its occupancy within a community the predictable series of changes in a community as species evolve and become extinct what happens to the evolution of species as a result of the coevolutionary arms race the sequence of changes in species composition over time within the community after a disturbance
The sequence of changes in species composition over time within the community after a disturbance
What makes pioneering plant species successful? Section 52.3 They are naturally selected for longevity. They rapidly colonize soil that is exposed and have few or no competitors already present. They are adapted for survival under all kinds of conditions. They can outcompete all other species.
They rapidly colonize soil that is exposed and have few or no competitors already present
Which biome is the most productive? Desert Tropical dry forest Temperate forest Tropical wet forest
Tropical wet forest
Robert Paine's experiment removing the predatory sea star Pisaster ochraceous from intertidal habitats showed that the sea star__. Section 52.2 was cannibalistic was a keystone species played a redundant role in the community structure was an invasive species
Was keystone species
Zootoca vivipara lizards maintain feeding and mating territories within their range. Based on these facts, what would you conclude? Section 51.1 Zootoca vivipara are likely randomly distributed within their range. Zootoca vivipara are likely haphazardly distributed within their range. Zootoca vivipara are likely clumped distributed within their range. Zootoca vivipara are likely uniformly distributed within their range
Zootoca vivipara are likely uniformly distributed within their range.
What would happen to the range of cattle if this tsetse fly was eradicated? Expand into regions currently not occupied by the fly No change in range Expand into the regions where the fly is now common Shrink and go extinct
expand into the region where the fly is now common
Biologists who study how nutrients and energy more among organisms through soil,water, and air. Which level of ecological study is this? t is organismal ecology it is ecosystem ecology it is population ecology it is community ecology
it is ecosystem ecology
Different types of research have all concluded that global climate change is__ making climates more extreme increasing annual precipitation everywhere increasing annual temperatures everywhere making storms more frequent
making climates more extreme
Hadley cells explain why rain shadows occur the poles are much colder than other areas the tropics are much wetter than other regions seasonality in weather occurs
the tropics are much wetter than other regions