Biology 1308 Exam 2
What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
ATP
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
________ store the information necessary to produce proteins.
Genes
An aerobic process requires ______.
Oxygen
The driving force behind ______ is a concentration gradient from high to low molecule concentration.
Passive transport
Cell theory was proposed by
Schleiden and Schwann
The phospholipid molecules of most membranes have
a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails
The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site.
active
Photosynthetic organisms are _______.
autotrophs
Which are examples of prokaryotes?
bacteria
In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______.
become turgid (develops turgor pressure)
Which of the following processes of the membrane require transport proteins? a. simple diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport
c and d
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______.
cell wall and central vacuole
The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.
chromatin
The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ______.
conservation of energy
Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?
conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
cytoplasm
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______.
decreasing activation energy
If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ______.
digest itself
These organelles are sometimes referred to as rough or smooth, depending on the structure.
endoplasmic reticulum
Yeast fermentation produces
ethanol and carbon dioxide
When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______.
exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration
Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic (respiration) and anaerobic processes (fermentation) of sugar breakdown?
glycolysis
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport
The organelles of the cell that play an important role in packaging of cellular secretions for export from the cell.
golgi bodies
One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ________ prokaryotic cells.
have membrane-bound organelles, which are lacking in
A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______.
isotonic to its environment
The energy of motion is ______ energy.
kinetic
Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells produce
lactate
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.
lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.
metabolism
Electron transport takes place in the ______.
mitochondria
The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ______.
oxygen
Diffusion is an example of ______.
passive transport
The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________.
phagocytosis
______ is to eating as ______ is to drinking.
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
______ are the major lipids of plasma membrane.
phospholipids
You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.
plant
A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy.
potential
When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell.
prokaryotic
Usually, enzymes are ______.
proteins
Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
regulation of the passage of material into and out of the cell.
An enzyme's function is dependent on its ______.
shape
Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?
the Golgi apparatus
What is energy?
the capacity to perform work
Osmosis can be defined as ______.
the diffusion of water
In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced directly as a result of ______.
the electron transport chain
Phospholipids are arranged in a cell membrane such that
the hydrophilic ends are exposed to the outside while hydrophobic ends are embedded inside
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.
transport proteins . . . down
Active transport ______.
uses ATP as an energy source can move solutes against their concentration gradient can involve the transport of ions requires the cell to expend energy
Fluid-filled sacs that may store food or water in cells are called
vacuole
The term anaerobic means ______.
without O2
