Biology 172 Exam 2

39.4 Which of the following will NOT facilitate the transfer of oxygen to tissues? A. decreased body temperature B. decreased pH of the blood C. increased carbon dioxide D. increased exercise

A

41.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs Which is the functional unit of the kidney? A. nephron B. hilum C. renal cortex D. medula E. ureter

A

33.2 Animal Primary Tissues4 Which tissue type is illustrated here? Dark red dots represent nuclei A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle D. visceral muscle E. heart muscle

A.

Which of the following is correctly sorted chronologically for an animal? A. ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination B. absorption, ingestion, digestion, elimination C. elimination, absorption, ingestion, digestion D. ingestion, elimination, digestion, absorption E. elimination, ingestion, digestion, absorption

A.

40.4 Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation2 What is shown on the Y-axis of this graph?

A. Blood viscosity B. Blood velocity C. Blood pressure D. Blood oxygen saturation E. Blood vessel thickness

28.6 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Arthropods3 You notice an animal with a body divided into two main parts (cephalothorax and abdomen). The organism lacks antennae. It must belong to which group? A. Chelicerata B. Myriapoda C. Crustacea D. Hexapoda E. none of the above

A. Chelicerata

29.4 Reptiles2 Which are the two main clades of living amniotes? A. Diapsids and synapsids B. Sauropsids and anapsids C. Lepidosaurs and archosaurs D. Tetrapods and anapods E. Chorion and alantois

A. Diapsids and synapsids

28.4 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids3 Which animal group undergoes a unique twisting and rotation process during development, bringing the anal opening forward and over the head? A. Gastropoda B. Cephalopoda C. Polyplacophora D. Bivalvia E. none of the above

A. Gastropoda

29.7 The Evolution of Primates2 Which of the following is true? A. Old World monkeys appear to have reached tropical America around 40 mya by drifting on log rafts, or perhaps a land bridge, leading to the evolution of New World monkeys B. New World monkeys appear to have arrived in Africa from South America around 40 mya, where they subsequently outcompeted resident Old World monkeys and drove most of them to extinction C. New World monkeys are not arboreal D. Old World monkeys are not arboreal E. Old World and New World monkeys are both considered to be prosimians

A. Old World monkeys appear to have reached tropical America around 40 mya by drifting on log rafts, or perhaps a land bridge, leading to the evolution of New World monkeys

27.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom Which of the following is not a monophyletic group of animals? A. Opisthokonta B. Bilateria C. Cnidaria D. Ctenophora E. Porifera

A. Opisthokonta

28.1 Phylum Porifera3 Which type of sponge cell filters food? A. choanocyte B. pinacocyte C. amoebocytes D. phagocyte E. osteocyte

A. choanocyte

29.6 Mammals2 The organism illustrated below (organism with double jaw joint)

A. evolved from a therapsid ancestor

28.3 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans3 Most Platyhelminthes A. have rhabdites B. lack ectoderm C. lack mesoderm D. have a coelom E. have a separate mouth and anus

A. have rhabdites

28.6 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Arthropods5 All of the following are examples of Hexapoda except for A. mites B. beetles C. cockroaches D. butterflies E. flies

A. mites

29.1 Chordates Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of organisms in the phylum Chordata? A. presence of vertebrae B. post-anal tail at some stage in development C. pharyngeal gill arches or slits D. dorsal hollow never cord E. an endostyle/thyroid gland

A. presence of vertebrae

28.1 Phylum Porifera5 Which of the following is not a component of sponge reproduction? A. release of eggs into the water column B. transformation of choanocytes into sperm cells C. budding D. gemmules E. fragmentation

A. release of eggs into the water column

40.2 Components of the Blood3 Which of the following is not involved in the clotting process that helps keep your blood inside your circulatory system if the system is physically damaged? A. platelets B. antibodies C. fibrin D. fibrinogen E. vitamin K

Antibodies

33.3 Homeostasis Which of the following is true about homeostasis in mammals A. It is controlled by positive feedback B. It is controlled by the nervous system and the endocrine system C. It results in a static equilibrium D. It involves an effector, which senses a change in the environment E. It can cause a regulated factor, such as blood glucose, to decrease but not to increases

B

39.3 How would paralysis of the diaphragm alter inspiration? A. It would prevent contraction of the intercostal muscles. B. It would decrease inhalation because the thoracic cavity pressure would not change much. C. It would decrease the thoracic cavity pressure, preventing inhalation. D. It would slow expiration because the lung would not relax. E. It would prevent relaxation of the interercostal muscles.

B

40.4 Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation What is the role of pre-capillary sphincters? A. increase blood pressure in capillaries B. direct blood away from areas where it is not needed C. ensure that aggregated clumps of red blood cells cannot enter capillaries D. help conserve angular momentum E. prevent venous blood from mixing with blood from arteries

B

27.2 Features Used to Classify Animals Match the animal group with its type of symmetry A. asymmetry B. rotational C. bilateral symmetry D. radial symmetry 1. Ctenophora 2. Porifera 3. Nematoda 4. adult Cnidaria

B, A, C, D

34.1 Ruminant Digestive System Ruminants have A. large incisor teeth to help them tear up leaves B. adaptations to breakdown their food through fermentation C. an omnivorous diet D. eight stomachs and three intestines E. use their muscular rumen to grind seeds

B.

29.4 Reptiles5 Which group contains the largest diversity and greatest number of species of living reptiles? A. Crocodilia B. Squamata C. Testudines D. Anura E. Pterosaurs

B. Squamata

29.4 Reptiles Comparing an amniote vertebrate with a non-amniote vertebrate, which of the following would be expected? A. The amniote is more likely to be a predator B. The amniote will be able to reproduce in a drier environment C. The amniote will produce more offspring per year D. The amniote will have more vertebrae E. The amniote will have scales on the outer surface of its body

B. The amniote will be able to reproduce in a drier environment

28.3 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans4 All of these flatworm groups are mainly parasitic except for A. Trematoda B. Turbellaria C. Cestoda D. Monogenea E. tapeworms

B. Turbellaria

28.6 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Arthropods2 Which of the following is not a trait shared by all arthropods A. exoskeleton containing chitin B. closed circulatory system C. jointed appendages D. segmented body E. tagmata

B. closed circulatory system

29.3 Amphibians4 Which is not an amphibian? A. salamander B. gecko C. caecilian D. tadpole E. toad

B. gecko

28.4 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids4 Cephalopoda are rather atypical among mollusks in that they A. have a nervous system B. have a closed circulatory system C. have a mantle D. live in marine environments E. have a radula

B. have a closed circulatory system

28.2 Phylum Cnidaria4 Class Anthozoa A, includes a medusa stage A. are polyploid B. have nematocysts C. have three embryonic tissue layers (triploblastic) D. none of the above

B. have nematocysts

27.2 Features Used to Classify Animals4 The presence of which of the following traits in the early developmental stages of an animal would NOT allow you to determine if the animal is a protostome or a deuterostome? A. radial cleavage B. presence of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm C. coelom formed by splitting of the mesodermal mass D. anus forms from the blastopore E. the developmental fate of each embryonic cell is fully determined

B. presence of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm

28.5 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Nematodes and Tardigrades3 Which of the following is true of nematodes? A. they are known for their ability to enter a state called cryptobiosis B. they are part of a monophyletic group that includes arthropods C. they are all parasitic animals that live inside the bodies of their hosts D. they lack a nerve cord E. they have rings of circular muscles located across the length of their bodies

B. they are part of a monophyletic group that includes arthropods

29.2 Fishes2 A major factor that likely led to the dominance of gnathostomes over other chordates was A. they evolved vertebrae B. they were able to exploit additional food sources (prey) C. they evolved scales, which helped provided camouflage D. they evolved scales, which led to more efficient thermoregulation E. none of the above

B. they were able to exploit additional food sources (prey)

39.1 Which of the following statements about the mammalian respiratory system is false? A. When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea. B. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs. C. Saliva transported from the trachea is used to moisten pathways of the lungs. D. The bronchi branch into bronchioles. E. Gas exchange between the lung and blood takes place in the alveolus.

C

39.2 Which of the following statements is false? A. In the tissues, PO2 drops as blood passes from the arteries to the veins, while PCO2 increases. B. PCO2 is higher in the lungs than in the air C. Blood travels from the lungs to the heart to body tissues, then back to the lungs, then the heart. D. PO2 is higher in air than in the lungs. E. Blood traveling towards the heart flows through veins

C

39.4 The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported by ________. A. binding to hemoglobin B. dissolution in the blood C. conversion to bicarbonate D. binding to plasma proteins E. active transport pumping

C

40.1 Overview of the Circulatory System2 Which animal group has a circulatory system that allows blood to become oxygenated as it flows through blood vessels in the skin? A. Cnidarians B. Fish C. Amphibians D. Reptiles E. Mammals

C

41.5 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions If your blood volume is low due to dehydration, blood salt concentrations (osmolarity) may become too high. Which hormone could help you maintain homeostasis of blood osmolarity by reducing water loss from your kidneys? A. renin B. aldosterone C. antidiuretic hormone D. epiniphrine E. angiotensin

C

29.4 Reptiles4 Which of the following is true? A. Pterosaurs are dinosaurs B. Birds are descendants of Pterosaurs C. Birds are dinosaurs D. Birds are descendants of crocodiles E. Crocodiles are dinosaurs

C. Birds are dinosaurs

29.7 The Evolution of Primates4 Based on Figure 29.46, which of the following is true? A. Homo neanderthalensis evolved into humans B. Humans evolved from chimpanzees C. Paranthropus is in the family Hominidae D. Paranthropus aetheopicus is more closely related to Australopithecus africanus than to Australopithecus bahrelghanzali E. None of the above is true

C. Paranthropus is in the family Hominidae

28.5 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Nematodes and Tardigrades The process of ecdysis that occurs in all Ecdysozoa involves A. metamorphosis B. hatching from an egg C. an old cuticle being replaced by a new cuticle D. laying of eggs E. mating

C. an old cuticle being replaced by a new cuticle

28.3 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans Lophotrochozoa differ from Cnidarians in that they A. do not live in marine environments B. have an endoskeleton C. are triploblastic D. are not true animals E. none of the above

C. are triploblastic

27.4 The Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom Which of the following is not play a major role in Earth's post-Cambrian animal evolution A. evolution among plants B. meteor strikes C. change in distance between the Earth and the sun D. shift in Earth's geography E. cataclysmic volcanic eruptions

C. change in distance between the Earth and the sun

28.1 Phylum Porifera2 Which of the following is not a component of a sponge? A. osculum B. mesohyl C. endoderm D. amoebocytes E. ostia

C. endoderm

28.4 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids2 Bivaliva are rather unique among the molluscs in that they A. lack gills B. have an open circulatory system C. lack a radula D. have a shell E. have a foot

C. lack a radula

28.4 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids5 The name Annelida derives from a Latin word meaning A. lacking beauty B. open container C. little rings D. closed circulatory system E. lacking intelligence

C. little rings

28.6 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Arthropods Which trait is not shared among all Ecdysozoa? A. presence of a coelom or pseudocoelom B. shedding of an exoskeleton C. presence of antennae D. protostome development E. mouth forms before anus during development

C. presence of antennae

27.4 The Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom Which of the following is true about animal evolutionary history? E the Cambrian explosion was caused by a rapid increase in Earth's atmospheric oxygen A. the Cambrian explosion led to the appearance of the Ediacaran biota B. the Cambrian explosion occurred around 100 million years ago C. several extant animal phyla fist appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian period D. many fossils dating from the Cambrian explosion represent species that survive today

C. several extant animal phyla fist appear in the fossil record from the Cambrian period

29.2 Fishes Which is true of Class Myxini: Hagfishes and Class Petromyzontida: Lampreys? A. they are not chordates B. they are not considered to be fish C. they lack jaws D. they are both aquatic and terrestrial organisms E. they lack a dorsal hollow nerve cord

C. they lack jaws

29.1 Chordates5 All gnathostomes have A. lungs B. four legs C. vertebrae D. amniote eggs E. none of the above

C. vertebrae

34.1 Digestive Systems Which of the following animal groups has a gastrovascular cavity? A. Polychaeta B. Nematoda C. Cnidaria D. Reptilia E. Insecta

Cnidaria

40.3 Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels Which system of blood vessels is illustrated by this drawing? A. pulmonary B. pulmo-cutaneous C. systemic D. tricuspid E. coronary

Coronary

33.2 Animal Primary Tissues3 Which is true of bone? A. It contains cells that are multi-nucleated B. It contains adipocytes C. It contains chondrocytes D. It is a type of connective tissue E. it contains glial cells

D

39.1 Bronchioles of the lungs are internally lined with A. alveoli B. branchi C. ducts D. cilia E. pleura

D

39.3 Which organism respires as follows: air flows in one direction from the posterior air sacs to the lungs and out of the anterior air sacs. A. ant B. mouse C. flatworm D. bird E. horse

D

39.4_Of the following, which does not explain why the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the lung than in the external air? A. Air in the lung is humidified; therefore, water vapor pressure alters the pressure. B. Carbon dioxide mixes with oxygen. C. Oxygen is moved into the blood and is headed to the tissues. D. Lungs exert a pressure on the air to reduce the oxygen pressure.

D

40.3 Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels Which is true of the type of blood vessel illustrated here? A. It must be an artery B. It must be a capillary C. It has a middle layer (tunic) made of connective tissue D. It has back flow valves E. it's inner-most lining consists of smooth muscle

D

40.3 Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels3 Sort the following to create the correctly ordered pathway of electrical signals that promote contraction of the human heart. A. bundle of His, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, ventricular myocardium B. SA node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, AV node, ventricular myocardium C. AV node, bundle of His, SA node, ventricular myocardium, Purkinje fibers D. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, ventricular myocardium E. SA node, AV node, ventricular myocardium, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

D

41.5 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions2 Which hormone is produced by cells located outside the kidney and causes the kidneys to release more water into the collecting ducts, thereby resulting in lower blood pressure? A. angiotensin I B. renin C. epinephrine D. atrial natriuretic peptide E. vasopressin

D

33.1 Animal Form and Function Which of the following is true about animal form and function? A. The ventral side of an animal is the animal's top side B. Radially symmetrical animals are generally terrestrial C. Most animals have an endoskeleton D. Aquatic animals are constrained by viscosity while terrestrial animals are constrained by gravity E. In order for an exoskeleton to grow, it must temporarily be transformed to an endoskeleton

D.

33.2 Animal Primary Tissues2 Which is true of epithelial tissue? A. They are made up of cells that are connected by intercalated discs B. They are made up of a matrix consisting of living cells and a non-living substance C. They are made up of cells connected by axons D. They are classified by the cell shapes present and number of layers present E. Collagen fibers provide strength to the tissue, preventing it from being torn

D.

29.3 Amphibians3 (Video: When Life Conquered The Land | The Evolution of Amphibians); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkqK2jdbduQ Based on most recent evidence, tetrapod limbs first evolved in order to A. Allow fish to escape from drying pools of water and reach the safety of larger surrounding water pools during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya) B. Allow fish to hunt for prey on land during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya) C. Allow fish to move more effectively through submerged aquatic vegetation in shallow-water swamps in order to escape from voracious predators in deeper water D. Allow fish to prop their bodies up out of the water in order to take advantage of increased oxygen in the air during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya) E. Allow fish to grab onto fast-moving prey items that became more abundant during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya)

D. Allow fish to prop their bodies up out of the water in order to take advantage of increased oxygen in the air during the Devonian period (~ 400 mya)

29.3 Amphibians Which is not true of amphibians? A. They are tetrapods B. They obtain water and oxygen via their skin C. Reproduction requires an aquatic environment D. They are mostly detritivores and herbivores as adults E. They have teeth

D. They are mostly detritivores and herbivores as adults

29.2 Fishes3 Which is true of Class Chondrichthyes? A. They belong to a group called Agnatha B. They include hagfishes and lampreys C. Most of them are filter feeders D. They have a cartilaginous endoskeleton that was secondarily derived from ancestors that had a bony endoskeleton E. They have rows of teeth that were derived from pharyngeal slits / arches

D. They have a cartilaginous endoskeleton that was secondarily derived from ancestors that had a bony endoskeleton

27.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom2 Which of the following is not typical of most animals? A. specialized tissues B. a stage of development called gastrulation C. possession of hox genes D. alternation of generations between diploid and haploid lifestages E. food obtained via heterotrophy

D. alternation of generations between diploid and haploid lifestages

27.2 Features Used to Classify Animals3 Which of the following is not true of the coelom? A. It may be present in triploblastic organisms B. It is a cavity that often houses internal organs C. it is derived from mesoderm D. it is present in all animals E. it usually contains fluids

D. it is present in all animals

29.3 Amphibians2 Tiktaalik is interesting and important because A. it is the first organism know to produce jelly-coated eggs B. it is the earliest known true vertebrate C. it is the earliest vertebrate to have a true cranium D. it seems to be intermediate between sarcopterygian fishes and true tetrapods E. it is the earliest known animal to possess lungs, allowing it to obtain oxygen from air

D. it seems to be intermediate between sarcopterygian fishes and true tetrapods

28.2 Phylum Cnidaria Which of the following is not found in Cnidarians? A. planula larvae B. medusae C. cnidocytes D. mesoderm E. polyps

D. mesoderm

28.5 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Nematodes and Tardigrades2 Which of the following is typical of animals belonging to Nematoda? A. body segmentation B. digestive system where mouth = anus C. presence of a true coelom D. presence of a chitinous cuticle E. none of the above

D. presence of a chitinous cuticle

29.1 Chordates2 Which is an important function of the notochord? A. deliver signals from the peripheral nervous system to the brain B. deliver signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system C. provide protection from predators D. provide a site for axial muscle attachment E. decrease an organism's drag coefficient in water or air so that it can move forward more efficiently

D. provide a site for axial muscle attachment

29.2 Fishes4 Which group of fishes does NOT have an internal. air-filled sac that can be used to regulate buoyancy? A. ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) B. Osteichthyes C. lobe-finned fishes (Sarcopterygii) D. sharks and rays E. tunas

D. sharks and rays

29.4 Reptiles3 Which of the following is not true of reptiles? A. they are diapsids B. most lay shelled eggs C. they regularly shed their skin D. they use their skin for respiration E. most of them are ectotherms

D. they use their skin for respiration

33.3 Homeostasis2 Which of the following is not used by endotherms to help regulate body temperature? A. their circulatory system B. fat C. counter-current exchange D. evaporation E. release of hormones from the pancreas

E

34.1 Avian Digestive System In the avian digestive system, which organ may frequently contain stones? A. esophagus B. crop C. protoventriculus D. liver E. gizzard

E

40.1 Overview of the Circulatory System What is a key difference between blood and hemolymph? A. one transports oxygen, the other does not B. one transports carbon dioxide, the other does not C. one transports nutrients, the other does not D. one occurs in mammals, the other occurs in reptiles E. one occurs in closed circulatory systems, the other occurs in open circulatory systems

E

40.2 Components of the Blood Which of the following is not a role of blood in humans? A. transport of nutrients B. transport of carbon dioxide C. transport of disease-fighting agents D. transport of hormones E. serves as a reservoir for urine

E

41.1 Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance2 Which would you expect of a salmon fish living in a marine (hypertonic) environment? A. It will produce lots of dilute urine B. It will use its skin to actively pump sodium into its body C. It will use its gills to actively pump sodium into its body D. It will use its rectal gland to actively pump sodium into its body E. None of the above

E

29.6 Mammals Which of the following is not characteristic of mammals? A. milk-producing glands B. lower jaw consisting of a single bone C. hair composed of keratin D. individuals usually have different types and shapes of teeth E. development of one set of teeth that remains for an individual's entire lifespan

E.

29.7 The Evolution of Primates3 Which of the following distinguishes humans from other surviving Hominidae A. clear sexual dimorphism B. heavier body C. stereoscopic vision D. lack of hair on palms of hands E. thumb can touch little finger on same hand

E.

33.2 Animal Primary Tissues2 Which tissue has a matrix? A. Cuboidal epithelium B. Skeletal muscle C. Smooth muscle D. Squamous epithelium E. Loose connective tissue

E.

34.2 Nutrition and Energy Production2 An essential nutrient A. must be water soluble B. must be inorganic C. is exemplified by vitamin F D. is a precursor required for building cellular material E. is a nutrient that cannot be produced by our bodies

E.

27.3 Animal Phylogeny Which of the following is true of the animal phylogenetic tree? A. Fossils provide the best source of information for determining the animal phylogenetic tree B. Major accepted clades of the animal phylogeny have remained constant over the past 50 years C. Future DNA evidence is likely to demonstrate that the Bilateria is the most primitive animal clade D. Eumetazoans include more species than Metazoans E. As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades of the animal phylogenetic tree become less likely

E. As more DNA is sequenced and analyzed from more animals, future changes to major surviving clades of the animal phylogenetic tree become less likely

28.4 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids6 Which of the following is not typically found in Annelida? A. chitinous bristles B. metamerism C. digestive system with separate mouth and anus D. closed circulatory system E. dorsal nerve cord

E. dorsal nerve cord

28.2 Phylum Cnidaria3 Which is true of a cnidarian's gastrovascular cavity? A. it is lined by tissue derived from ectoderm B. it is lined with cnidocytes C. it is present in medusae but not in polyps D. it does not play a role in circulation of oxygen E. it has just one opening (mouth = anus)

E. it has just one opening (mouth = anus)

28.2 Phylum Cnidaria5 Animals belonging to class Scyphozoa A. have a bell that is square in cross section B. include the reef building corals C. lack mesoglea D. include the Portuguese man o' war E. none of the above

E. none of the above

28.6 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Arthropods4 You see an animal crawling on the beach that has biramous appendages and its exoskeleton is hard and somewhat brittle. This organism must belong to which animal group? A. Myriapoda B. Hexapoda C. Chelicerata D. Insecta E. none of the above

E. none of the above

29.5 Birds All of the following are characteristic of birds except for A. hollow bones B. high metabolic rate C. lack of a urinary bladder D. nitrogen waste eliminated as uric acid E. oxygen uptake by air sacs rather than lungs

E. oxygen uptake by air sacs rather than lungs

28.3 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans2 Which of the following is not typical of the Lophotrochozoa? A. bilateral symmetry B. a degree of cephalization C. protostome development D. either a lophophore feeding apparatus or trochophore larvae E. paired walking legs

E. paired walking legs

28.1 Phylum Porifera4 Which of the following would you expect to be associated with a bath sponge? A. class Calcarea B. class Hexactinellida C. an abundance of large siliceous spicules D. cellulose E. spongin

E. spongin

40.1 Overview of the Circulatory System3 Which of the following animal groups has a closed circulatory system but lacks double circulation? A. fish B. amphibians C. reptiles D. birds E. mammals

Fish

33.3 Homeostasis3 In mammals, which component of the nervous system plays an important role in regulation of body temperature, food intake, and other processes involving a negative feedback loop? A. spinal cord B. cranial nerves C. hypothalamus D. spinal ganglia E. cerebellum

Hypothalamus

29.6 Mammals4 Which animal group has a yolk-sac placenta? A. eutherians B. rodents C. elephants D. rabbits E. . kangaroos

Kangaroos

34.1 Vertebrate Digestive Systems Compared to a non-herbivorous vertebrate, a herbivorous vertebrate would be expected to have a A. longer esophagus B. more muscular stomach C. shorter small intestine D. larger cecum E. none of the above

Large cecum

34.1 Parts of the Digestive System5 In the human digestive system, most water is normally absorbed in the A. duodenum B. large intestine C. jejunum D. ileum E. gall bladder

Large intestine

29.7 The Evolution of Primates The earliest primates are thought to have most closely resembled A. apes B. gorillas C. lemurs D. baboons E. orangutans

Lemurs

34.3 Digestive System Processes Emulsification important for digestion of A. lipids B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. essential nutrients E. trypsin

Lipids

33.2 Animal Primary Tissues Which of the following is not a tissue type? A. muscle B. liver C. epithelial D. connective E. nervous

Liver

41.4 Nitrogenous Wastes Which animal excretes nitrogenous waste in the form of a water insoluble white paste or powder, allowing conservation of water? A. lizard B. camel C. desert rat D. earthworm E. kangarooo

Lizard

34.1 Parts of the Digestive System2 In humans, which of the following is NOT important in the directional flow of food from mouth to stomach? A. microvilli B. a sphincter C. peristalsis D. the epiglottis E. the tongue

Microvilli

29.6 Mammals3 Which of these groups lays shelled eggs? A. marsupials B. monotremes C. placentals D. opossums E. kangaroos

Monotremes

34.1 Diet categories A facultative carnivore would best be considered a /an A. folivore B. omnivore C. granivore D. lion E. frugivore

Omnivore