Biology 181: Chapter 10
Which of the following is the key event in anaphase?During anaphase __, sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles as their kinetochore microtubules, which are attached to the poles, are shortened.
A
During anaphase, two forms of movement take place simultaneously and as a result sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell. The two forms of movement are commonly referred to as anaphase and anaphase .
A B
At the beginning of which phase does the centromeres of sister chromatids split apart allowing sister chromatids tp separate from each other?
Anaphase
Which of the following is the shortest stage of mitosis?
Anaphase
In which type of cell is an aster apparent during mitosis?
Animal
Which cell type has centrioles?
Animal
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
The cells of most eukaryotes have between Blank 1Blank 1 10 , Correct Unavailable and Blank 2Blank 2 50 , Correct Unavailable chromosomes, although some species can have hundreds or even thousands of chromosomes.
Blank 1: 10 or ten Blank 2: 50 or fifty
What is a sequence of growth, replication, and division that produces new eukaryotic cells called?
Cell cycle
What usually occurs during the G1 phase?
Cells are growing
_________ are cellular structures, typically found in animal cells, which are replicated during the G2 phase. They are positioned at the poles of the cell and participate in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.
Centrioles
When DNA replicates the sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres by which of the following complex of proteins?
Cohesins
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm to produce two distinct cells which are called which of the following?
Daughter
Which of the following organelles reabsorbs the components of the broken down nuclear membrane during mitotic division of the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
True or false: A centromere is located at a random location along the length of a chromosome.
False
True or false: In a typical mammalian adult cell, the M phase takes up a large fraction of the entire cell cycle.
False
True or false: The length of time required to complete the cell cycle is the same in all cell types.
False
Some cells remain in the phase permanently while others can proceed to the G1 phase when new cells are needed (e.g., during an injury).
G0
Which of the following phases in the cell cycle is considered a resting phase?
G0
Some cells, such as muscle and nerve cells, remain permanently in which of the following phases of the cell cycle?
G0 phase
In a cell's life, cell growth occurs primarily during what phase?
G1
Fruit flies have the shortest known animal cell cycle because they lack which of the following stages?
G1 G2
During interphase, what is the name of the phase that occurs after the replication of DNA and before the start of mitosis?
G2
In animal cells, centrioles are replicated during which phase of the cell cycle?
G2
Replicated chromosomes begin to condense during which phase of the cell cycle?
G2
Which of the following phases occurs after the replication of DNA and before the start of mitosis?
G2
Cell division in bacterial and eukaryotic cells produces which of the following?
Genetically identical cells
The metaphase plate is a plane located
Halfway between the poles
In actively dividing cells, the G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively known as which of the following?
Interphase
While preparing to divide, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes during which stage?
Interphase
Which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?
It varies considerably between different species.
During metaphase, the microtubules attached to the centromere region of the condensed chromosomes are which of the following types of microtubules?
Kinetochore
During prometaphase, which protein complex on each sister chromatid attaches to the spindle?
Kinetochore
The centromere serves as an attachment site for a group of proteins that form a disklike structure called which of the following?
Kinetochore
The pairs of sister chromatids align themselves in a single row along a plane half-way between the poles during which phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
The German biologist, Walter Flemming, was the first to microscopically observe which of the following processes?
Mitosis
During the formation of the spindle apparatus which of the following must break down?
Nuclear membrane
If the sister chromatids are attached to microtubules from the same polar region of the cell, which of the following is/are likely to occur?
One daughter cell will receive both of the sister chromatids Failure of the sister chromatids to separate
Condensation of chromosomes continues throughout which phase?
Prophase
Which is the first stage of mitosis?
Prophase
Chromosomes are composed of chromatin which is a complex of DNA and which of the following?
Protein
Which of the following is the key event in anaphase?
Removal of cohesin proteins from the centromeres of sister chromatids
Bacterial cells divide to produce new cells for which of the following?
Reproduction Population growth
Replication of each chromosome and its centromere takes place during the ____ phase to produce two complete DNA molecules.
S
Replication of each chromosome and its centromere takes place during which phase of the cell cycle?
S
During the _______ phase of the cell cycle, the chromosomes are replicated.
S or synthesis
Replication of each chromosome and its centromere takes place during the Blank 1Blank 1 pro , Incorrect Unavailable phase to produce two complete DNA molecules.
S or synthesis
During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes replicated?
S phase
What is the name of the group of proteins involved in the compaction and organization of bacterial DNA in the nucleoid?
Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins
Which type of microtubules attach to and separate the chromosomes during cell division?
The kinetochore microtubules
During the segregation of the duplicated bacterial chromosome, which part of the chromosome moves towards opposite ends of the cell first?
The origins of replication
During anaphase B, microtubules slide past each other pulling the poles anchored to them away from the center of the cell. At the same time, chromosomes are also pulled apart because __________.
a different set of microtubules attaches the chromosomes to the poles.
During the ________ of mitosis, the centromeres of sister chromatids split apart allowing sister chromatids to move away from each other.
anaphase
The shortest stage of mitosis is
anaphase
The shortest stage of mitosis is .
anaphase
The arrangement of microtubules around the polar centrioles is called a(n) _______.
aster
The kinetochore microtubules are attached to kinetochores, which are bound to the Blank 1Blank 1 centromere , Correct Unavailable, a point of constriction on the chromosome containing repeated DNA sequences.
centromere
Centromeres occur at a specific location along a
chromosome
Centromeres occur at a specific location along a ___________ .
chromosome
The key event in anaphase is the removal of __ proteins from the centromeres of sister chromatids.
cohesin
The division of the cytoplasm to produce two distinct daughter cells is referred to as
cytokinesis or cytokineses
The active domains of chromatin in a nondividing nucleus are called
euchromatin
Cell division in bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells involves the replication and segregation of ________ information and the division of contents within the cell.
genetic
During prometaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle by their , which are attached to the centromere region of each sister chromatid.During prometaphase, sister chromatids attach to the spindle by their __________, which are attached to the centromere region of each sister chromatid.
kinetochores
Sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell by microtubules attached to their
kinetochores
Microtubules produced during prometaphase attach to the ______ of the sister chromatids.
kinetochores or kinetochore
Microtubules produced during prometaphase attach to the of the sister chromatids.
kinetochores or kinetochore
The bacterial genome consist of a single loop of DNA located in which of the following regions of the cell?
nucleoid
The region in a bacterial cell where DNA is located is called the
nucleoid
In bacterial cells, the replication of DNA begins at a specific site called the of replication, and proceeds in both directions around the circular DNA until a specific site is reached.
origin Blank 2: termination or terminus
Mitosis occurs as a continuum of phases that proceed in the following order: Blank 1Blank 1 prophase , Correct Unavailable, prometaphase, metaphase, Blank 2Blank 2 anaphase , Correct Unavailable, and lastly Blank 3Blank 3 telophase , Correct Unavailable.
prophase Blank 2: anaphase Blank 3: telophase
During cell division in both bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells, genetic information is ___________ and segregated and the contents of the cell are divided between the daughter cells.
replicated, duplicated, or copied
During DNA replication the chromosomes contract and the identical halves are called
sister chromatids
Two centriole pairs establish a bridge of microtubules which form the Blank 1Blank 1 spindle , Correct Unavailable Blank 2Blank 2 fibers , Incorrect Unavailable during prophase.
spindle Blank 2: apparatus or network
The group of proteins involved in the compaction and organization of bacterial DNA in the nucleoid is called __________maintenance of _________ proteins.
structural chromosome
Replication of each chromosome and its centromere takes place during the ______ phase to produce two complete DNA molecules.
synthesis
Describe the length of time required to complete the cell cycle.
t varies among cell types.
Animal embryonic cells complete the cell cycle in less than Blank 1Blank 1 one , Incorrect Unavailable minutes. The shortest cell cycle is found in embryonic cells of the fruit flies: Blank 2Blank 2 ten , Incorrect Unavailable minutes.
twenty eight
Chromatin is a complex with ~40% DNA and which of the following?
~60% Protein
Typically, a dividing mammalian cell completes its cell cycle in about how many hours?
24 hours
Humans have Blank 1Blank 1 46 , Correct Unavailable chromosomes.
46
The human cell contains a total of how many chromosomes?
46
The chromosome number in the body cells of most eukaryotic species falls within which range?
10 and 50
What is the number of haploid chromosomes in humans?
23
The inactive domains of chromatin in a nondividing nucleus are referred to as
heterochromatin
The inactive domains of chromatin in a nondividing nucleus are referred to as _______.
heterochromatin
Cell division in bacterial and eukaryotic cells produces genetically _________ cells.
identical
During , which includes the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the cell grows and chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division.
interphase
In an actively dividing eukaryotic cell, the G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively constitute the _________ .
interphase
In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the production of new cells follows a highly regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division. This sequence is referred to as the cell ________, which consists of the G1, S, G2, and M phases.
interphase
During Blank 1Blank 1 anaphase , Incorrect Unavailable the chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.
metaphase
During _____ the chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.
metaphase
The ______________ plate is a plane halfway between the poles along which chromosomes align during mitosis.
metaphase
During metaphase, kinetochore microtubules move chromosomes to the middle of the cell where they are lined up on the .
metaphase or equatorial plate
During the five phases of _____________, the replicated genetic material is partitioned into _______ new nuclei.
mitosis two or 2
The German biologist, Walter Flemming, was the first to microscopically observe the process of .
mitosis or mitosis or cell division
