Biology 190 - Chapters 4-6

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins. Mitochondria but not chloroplasts contain a small amount of DNA. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes. Chloroplasts but not mitochondria are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? ER—Golgi—vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane Golgi—ER—lysosome Nucleus—ER—Golgi ER—lysosomes—vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane Lysosome—ER—Golgi

ER—Golgi—vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells possess specialized membrane-bounded organelles. Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins, but prokaryotic cells cannot. Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells possess specialized membrane-bounded organelles.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane transport vesicles rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Which type of cell is likely to have the most mitochondria? - Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner - Photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree - Bacterial cells that are growing on sugars - Inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use - Nondividing cells in the skin on your finger

Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner.

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to secrete a lot of protein make a lot of ATP move rapidly absorb nutrients in the GI tract store

`secrete a lot of protein

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through plasmodesmata a tight junction a microtubule a cell wall a gap junction

plasmodesmata

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they . have no membrane-bounded organelles lack chromosomes have a smaller nucleus lack a plasma membrane have no ribosomes

have no membrane-bounded organelles.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of cell walls and the cell extracellular matrix? Both are external to the plasma membrane. Both are composed primarily of lipids. Cell walls and the extracellular matrix are possessed by both plants and animals. Both are synthesized in the nucleolus. Collagen is a major component of both cell walls and the extracellular matrix.

Both are external to the plasma membrane.

Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates. The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups. The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells. Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells. Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells.

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

Which statements about the cytoskeleton is true? Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells than intermediate filaments and microtubules. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? Cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria Cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? Manufacturing Breakdown of macromolecules Energy processing Structural support of cells Information storage

Manufacturing

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? Mitochondria Cytosol Plasma membrane Ribosomes DNA

Mitochondria

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? Mitochondrion Chloroplast Wall made of cellulose Central vacuole Centriole

Mitochondrion

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm Mitochondria, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane Nucleus, plasma membrane, and ribosomes Mitochondria, ribosomes, and cytoplasm Ribosomes, nucleus, and plasma membrane

Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

Your intestine is lined with individual cells that absorb nutrients. No fluids leak between these cells from the interior of the intestine. Why? The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. The intestinal cells are fused together into one large cell. The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate? The nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum The Golgi apparatus Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus and the nucleus

The nucleus