Biology 9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration

What happens during the process of glycolysis?

During glycolysis 1 molecule of glucose, 6-carbon compound, is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 3-carbon compound.

In the matrix, pyruvic acid is converted to (lactic) acid before the Krebs Cycle begins.

False (acetic)

The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis enters the (chloroplasts) if oxygen is present in a cell.

False (mitochondria)

Why is cellular respiration considered an efficient process?

The 36 ATP molecules generated represent about 36% of the total energy available; the cell is more efficient at using food than a typical car engine is at burning gasoline.

(Blank) and (blank) pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

Blank: NADH Blank: FADH2

In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is in the (blank).

Blank: cell membrane

The transfer of high-energy electrons down the electron transport chain causes (blank) to be transported across the mitochondrial membrane.

Blank: hydrogen ions

In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of electron carriers located in the (blank) of the mitochondrion.

Blank: inner membrane

(Blank) serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.

Blank: oxygen

ATP synthases produce the force needed to add one (blank) to each ADP molecule by spinning when hydrogen ions flow through them.

Blank: phosphate groups

Where does the heat that warms your body come from?

Cells in your body that contain mitochondria; they are breaking down sugars (and other macromolecules) and releasing energy; only about 36% of the chemical energy is recovered, the rest is lost as heat.

What happens during the process of glycolysis?

During glycolysis one molecule of glucose, six carbon compounds, is transformed into two molecules of pyruvic acid, three carbon compound.

How much ATP the cellular respiration generate?

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain releases about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.

How much ATP does cellular respiration generate?

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain release about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.

How many ATP molecules per glucose molecule does a cell gain from each of the three stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis-2 Krebs cycle-2 Electron transport chain-32

What are two advantages of glycolysis?

It occurs quickly, and can supply oxygen quickly when oxygen is not available.

Besides glucose, what other kinds of molecules can be used to produce ATP in cellular respiration?

Lipids Proteins Complex carbs

What does the Krebs Cycle pass to the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

How does the electron transport chain use high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

How does the electron transport chain use high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

Why is it an investment for the cell to use two ATP at the beginning of glycolysis?

The end result is 4 ATP; using 2 at the front gives net gain of 2 at the end.

(Carbon dioxide) is the only product of the Krebs Cycle they is not re-used or used in any other stages of cellular respiration.

True

The compound that joins with a 4-carbon molecule in the Krebs Cycle is called (acetyl-CoA).

True