Biology

The ______of a species describes the "job" or role it fills in its environment.

Niche

The class of lipid that has both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic end is ___________________.

Phospholipids

Which of the following statements is true?

All living organisms reproduce

What acid/base terms would you use to describe milk, which has a pH of 7.6?

Basic

Which is the more common regulatory pathway in a human body?

Negative feedback loop

A pig is best classified as a(n)

Omnivore

Anyone can employ the scientific method to answer questions they have about the world around them.

True

Humans and dogs both belong to the kingdom Animalia.

True

Organizationally, a biome includes all of the living organisms and the non-living things in a given area.

True

Regulating electrolyte balance during a run is an example of homeostasis.

True

Select the choice where bond strength is ranked strongest to weakest within cells:

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

The function of the skeletomuscular system is to

support and provide movement

What is the hydrogen ion concentration difference between human blood (pH 7) and ammonia (pH 11)?

x10,000

Achieving a balance within our bodies and in our environment is called:

Homeostasis

What evolutionary forces currently affect the human population?

Natural selection

Organize the steps of the scientific method listed below into their correct order: 1. Share the new knowledge with other scientists 2. Analyze and interpret data to reach conclusions 3. Recognize a problem or unanswered question 4. Design and perform an experiment to test the hypothesis 5. Develop a hypothesis to explain the problem

3, 5, 4, 2, 1

How long ago did the ancestor of humans diverge from the ancestors of baboons?

30 million years ago

How many electrons are in the valence shell of the atom shown here?

4

How many valence electrons does carbon have and what type of bond joins two carbons?

4; covalent

Carbon has an atomic mass of 12.01. It has an atomic number of 6. A carbon atom has ______ neutrons.

6

A fiddler crab feeds on dead or decaying matter which makes it:

A detritivore

Dark skin offers better protection against UV light. In terms of evolution, this trait is an example of:

A selective advantage in a local environment

Which level in the process diagram represents chemical cycling only?

Abiotic Nutrients

The common ancestor of H. habilis and A. africanus was:

Afarensis

The building blocks of proteins are ____molecules.

Amino Acid

Producers are:

Autotrophs

Habitat limits result in a population's:

Biogeographic range

Why is this organic molecule (Carbohydrates) important in living organisms?

Biological energy

Which of the following is an element? Carbohydrates Lipids H2O Carbon

Carbon

What is the smallest unit described in these choices?

Carbon ----------------- Stomach Digestive system Cell

Which of the following items represents the smallest unit of life?

Cell ----------------- Organism Organ Tissue

The difference between producers and consumers is that producers:

Create their own nutrients while consumers must ingest existing organic fuel

Select the largest unit from the choices provided:

Digestive system ----------------- Cell Muscle Molecule

What is the significance of Richard Leakey's discovery of Omo I and Omo II fossils?

Documenting the emergence of modern humans in Africa 195,000 years ago

The interactions between the living and nonliving components of an environment define a(n):

Ecosystem

The particle indicated as A in the figure is a(an) __________________.

Electron

The species of humans that has the longest survivorship thus far is ______.

Erectus

Which of the following is a Domain?

Eukarya

A theory, in the fields of science and law, means a good guess.

False

All prokaryotes are classified in the same domain and kingdom.

False

In Taxonomy, the "homo-" part of Homo sapien is the ________.________.

Genus

Choose the taxonomic description which would indicate a lifeform most closely related to a human.

Genus Homo

The place where organisms find food, water, and shelter is referred to as its:

Habitat

Of the following bonds, which one is the weakest?

Hydrogen

A substance that is attracted to water or dissolves in water is referred to as _________

Hydrophilic

A testable prediction based on observations is called a(n):

Hypothesis

Select the INCORRECT statement when considering the purpose of the field of science known as taxonomy.

In taxonomy, organisms are grouped according to their country of origin. ----------------- The level of genetic relatedness is considered in taxonomy with the goal of grouping related organisms together. Taxonomy works at many levels, assigning closely and distantly-related life forms into logically organized groupings. Taxonomy seeks to organize the creatures of the living world based on shared characteristics.

Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living systems by:

Increasing the speed at which reactions occur

What portion of this cell membrane is hydrophobic?

Nonpolar Tails

The fossil record provides all of the following evidence about extinct organisms EXCEPT:

Number of offspring produced

The periodic table is organized according to the:

Number of protons in atoms of each element

Humans and primates share which of the following?

Opposable thumb

Two distinctive features that classify an animal as a primate are:

Opposable thumb and stereoscopic vision

Of the levels listed, which is the most complicated?

Organ System ----------------- Tissue Chemical Organ Cellular Organism

All of the following are characteristics used to distinguish between species in the genus Homo except:

Personality

A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides is considered:

Polar

The type of bond indicated in this diagram is a(an) _____________ bond.

Polar Covalent

Ionic bonds form because:

Positive and negative atoms are attracted to each other

The order into which humans are classified is called:

Primate

Ethnically diverse populations reflect the:

Process of natural selection on phenotypes within a species

The organisms that are responsible for fixing the organic compounds used by the rest of the food chain are referred to as _____.

Producers

Which of the following organic chemicals is the most abundant in your body?

Proteins

Which of these atomic particles contribute to the atom's mass?

Protons and Neutrons

The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell determines that atom's:

Reactivity

The human sensory system:

Receives visual, auditory, temperature and tactile information

The last step of the scientific method is:

Report results

The human body is like an ecosystem because both:

Require energy and cycle chemicals

Which of the following would dissolve most easily in water? Fat Salt Oil Butter

Salt

The only extant member of the genus Homo is:

Sapiens

A(n) ___________________ fat is solid at room temperature and includes straight, long chain hydrocarbons with no double bonds.

Saturated

Covalent bonds are formed by the:

Sharing of electrons

An example of a molecule with ionic bonding is:

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Which of the following taxonomic levels includes organisms that can interbreed and produce viable offspring?

Species

Homeostasis refers to a(an):

Stable internal environment

Homo habilis can be distinguished from A. afarensis due to:

The ability to make and use tools

How are starch and cellulose different?

The branching pattern is different

In an ATP molecule, what is characteristic of the bonds between the phosphate groups?

The covalent bonds carry a lot of energy

Which of the following statements is true about the origin of modern humans?

The fossil record verifies many different species in the genus Homo

List the four unique characteristics that define the genus Homo. What survival benefit does each one impart?

The four unique characteristics that define the genus home are... 1. an upright bipedal stance 2. opposable thumbs 3. an enlarged brain 4. the capacity for complex speech communication An upright bipedal stance gives the ability to walk on two legs. This frees the arms enabling them to make and use tools, reach for fruits in trees, and use their hands for social displays/communication. Having opposable thumbs give the ability to firmly grasp and manipulate objects. A larger brain brings better cognitive performance so it seems only logical that a larger brain would offer a higher survival potential. The ability to communicate gives an advantage in the transmission of information.

In water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between

The oxygen atom in one water molecule with the hydrogen atom in another

An explanation based on repeated observations is called a(n):

Theory

A scientist examining a liver sample under a microscope will be making observations at the tissue and cellular level of biological organization.

True

When plants use solar power to synthesize glucose, which characteristic of life is being demonstrated?

Use energy

Habitats:

Vary in size depending on an organism's needs

All of the following are organic compounds except: proteins water nucleic acids carbohydrates

Water

The atomic mass is calculated by:

adding the mass of the neutrons and protons

The opposable thumb is considered a great evolutionary advance of primates because:

it allows a firm grasp with precise control

Which classification categories would include both humans and cows?

kingdom, phylum, class

In the human body, the reaction illustrated below serves to

release energy to drive cellular activity

The atomic number equals:

the number of protons