biology

Which statement best describes a scientific theory? It is a scientific fact that no longer requires any evidence to support it. It is a collection of data designed to provide support for a prediction. It is an educated guess that can be tested by scientific experimentation It is a general explanation that is supported by many scientific observations.

It is a general explanation that is supported by many scientific observations.

Which of the following would most likely be the major focus of a Biologist? bacteria found in hot springs the composition of water in hot springs the temperature of hot springs the location of hot springs

bacteria found in hot springs

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. Thestomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestinehas a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digestsproteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters thesmall intestine? It becomes inactive. It begins to replicate. Its shape changes to engulf large proteins. Its activity increases to digest more proteins.

it becomes inactive

Tasha is testing the effect of blue-colored light on the growth of tomato plants. Which is the independent variable in this experiment? . light color light intensity amount of light temperature of light

light color

Refer to the illustration above. Fatty acids like molecule 2 are found in carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids

lipids

Which characteristic do most plants have in common? they are unicellular they are prokaryotic they produce seeds they are photosynthetic

they are photosynthetic

Which organelle is responsible for storing water and waste in the cell? Both plants and animals have them, but plants have a much larger version that also helps with support. lysosome nucleus mitochondria vacuole

vacuole

Which of the following is an observation? You record the air temperature every day for a week. You propose that a cold front is approaching. You hypothesize that the temperature will increase tomorrow. You conclude that the season is changing.

you record the air temperature every day for a week

Orlando wrote on separate index cards four facts he learned about cells. The four facts Orlando wrote are listed below.1. Cells come only from existing cells.2. All cells contain hereditary information.3. All living things are made of one or more cells.4. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things.He shuffled the index cards, spread them out on his desk, and asked Martha to pick out the cards that described the cell theory. Which cards did Martha correctly select? 1, 2, and 3 1, 2, and 4 C 1, 3, and 4 2, 3, and 4

1,3, and 4

Based on these results, what is the optimum (best) temperature range for lipase to function? 0-15 degrees Celsius 0-60 degrees Celsius 15-45 degrees Celsius 45-60 degrees Celsius

15-45 degrees celsius

The 10x objective of a compound light microscope is being used to observe a specimen. If a total magnification of 150x is achieved, then the magnification of the microscope's eyepiece must be... 10x 15x 150x 1500x

15x

Which of the following is the main reason that humans need to include carbohydrates in theirdiet? Carbohydrates are broken down in cells for energy. Carbohydrates combine to form many different proteins. Carbohydrates act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. Carbohydrates are the building blocks for cell growth and repair.

Carbohydrates are broken down in cells for energy.

A researcher is using a microscope to observe the two unknown cells above. Which of the following explantions best explains the reasoning behind the correct identification of the two cells. Cell A represents a Eukaryotic Cell due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles Cell B represents a Eukaryotic Cell due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles Cell A represents a Prokaryotic Cell due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles Cell B represents a Prokaryotic Cell due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles

Cell B represents a Eukaryotic Cell due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles

Which of the following explains the phenomena of floating icebergs? Expansion of hydrogen bonds between water molecules as the temperature reaches freezing. Dissipation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules as the temperature reaches freezing. Contraction of hydrogen bonds between water molecules as the temperature reachesfreezing. Expansion of covalent bonds between water molecules as the temperature reaches freezing.

Expansion of hydrogen bonds between water molecules as the temperature reaches freezing.

The results of an experiment show that as temperature increases, the activity of an enzymedecreases. Which graph correctly displays these findings? Graph A Graph B Graph C Graph D

Graph D

Which ofthe following best explains the difference between passive and active transport within cell membranes? Passive transport does not require chemical energy to occur; active transport requires the use of energy, such as ATP, to take place. Passive transport happens only in the presence of water, while active transport does not require the presence of water to occur. Passive transport allows whole particles to pass through the membrane, while active transport breaks particles down before passage. passive transport moves larger substances through the cell membrane; smaller molecules must move by active transport.

Passive transport does not require chemical energy to occur; active transport requires the use of energy, such as ATP, to take place.

A scientist is performing an experiment to determine the melting point (or melting temperature) of a new substance. Which action could improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results? Repeating the experiment three times. Wrting out the procedure after conducting the experiment. Experimenting with multiple substances. Using three types of thermometers in the experiment.

Repeating the experiment three times

In living organisms, lipids function mainly as: Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes Transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes

Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes

Joe fishes every Monday from 3-5 p.m. While fishing one Monday, Joe notices more than the usual number of water lilies floating in the lake. He does not catch any fish on this trip, even though he usually catches several in the same two-hour time period. Which of the following is an inference that can be made based on Joe's observation? The fish in the pond had died due to changes in the temperature of the water. Most fish were eaten by bears that week, reducing their population. The large number of water lilies blocked the sunlight from reaching underwater plants, causing the plants and the fish to die since they no longer had food to survive. All the fish had already been caught that day by campers who had arrived earlier at the pond.

The large number of water lilies blocked the sunlight from reaching underwater plants, causing the plants and the fish to die since they no longer had food to survive.

Why can water have no net charge but have slight charges in different parts of the molecule? The oxygen end is slightly negative and the hydrogen end is slightly positive The hydrogen end is slightly negative and the oxygen end is slightly positive The hydrogen and oxygen ends change in polarity Because it is hydrophobic

The oxygen end is slightly negative and the hydrogen end is slightly positive

A group of students is researching the best methods for converting algae oils into a biodiesel. What would be a good source of information to use in the investigation? An article with lots of graphs found on Wikipedia. A relative who claims to have over 30 years of experience turning algae oils into fuel. A university study examining the known methods for converting algae to biofuel. An Internet site advertising a book promising to contain the best methods available for growing algae in your garage and making your own biofuel for your car.

a univerity study examining the known methods for converting algae to biofuel

In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? . A white blood cell that digests bacteria and viruses. A plant cell that uses light energy for photosynthesis. A single-celled organism that moves around its environment. A plant cell that stores food, enzymes, or other materials.

a white blood cell that digests bacteria and viruses

If a substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings, which of the following processes would result in the movement of the substance into the cell? active transport diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion

active transport

Which is an inference? You measure a plant's height every day for a week. You give a plant the same amount of water every day. Every day for a week, you collect data on a plant's movement. After watching a plant for a week, you determine it needs more sunlight.

after watching a plant for a week, you determine it needs more sunlight

Proteins are made up of long chains of __________. fatty acids amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides

amino acids

The structure of a cell nucleus would be seen in the greatest detail by use of ____. a compound light microscope an ultracentrifug . a dissecting microscope an electron microscope

an electron microscope

Scientists have discovered three new species of organisms in the Everglades. Below you will find information about the cells of each organsim.Based on the chart above which of the following best describes Organism B? Animal Bacteria Plant Virus

animal

Antibiotics prevent the growth of bacteria. Bacteria have adapted, becoming resistant to antibiotics and making antibiotics ineffective in fighting an infection.After reviewing the graph above, choose which of the following would be a reasonable inference. Between 2001 and the present time, bacteria's resistance will have dropped to 10%. Between 2001 and the present time, bacteria's resistance will have increased to 35%. Between 2001 and the present time, bacteria's resistance will be at the same percentage. After 2001, bacteria's resistance to antibiotics will begin to drop until it reaches 0%.

between 2001 and the present time,bacterias resistance will have increased to 35%

Which statement most likely explains why the boiled corn remains sweet? Boiling activates the enzyme that converts amino acids to sugar. Boiling destroys sugar molecules so they cannot be converted to starch. Boiling kills a fungus on the corn that is needed to convert sugar to starch. Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch.

boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch

The structure of a cell is shown in the figure below:Based on the figure above, which structures are present in both animal and plant cells? A, C and F B, C and E C, D and E A, B and D

c,d,and e

What property of water refers to water's ability to move up the stem of a plant against the force of gravity? Cohesion Capillary action Adhesion Surface tension

capillary action

A student is preparing to run in a school track competition. For the quickest source of energy,the student should eat a food that contains high percentage of __________. sodium fat protein carbohydrates

carbohydrates

Which of the cells characterized in the chart below is a prokaryotic cell? Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D

cell c

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? All living things are made of cells. All cells come from other preexisting cells Cells form through spontaneous generation. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

cells form through spontaneous generation

Which microscope would be MOST useful for quickly estimating the number of red blood cells in a patient's blood sample? compound light microscope high powered telescope scanning electron microscope transmission electron microscope

compound light microscope

What is a primary function of the cell membrane? determining genetic traits defending against foreign particle . breaking down proteins for energy generating energy from mineral nutrients

defending against foreign particles

Use the graphic below to answer the question. Based on your observations of the above diagram, how can it best be described? virus particle prokaryotic cell eukaryotic plant cell eukaryotic animal cell

eukaryotic animal cell

A person studying a topic is presented with new information that conflicts with previous findings. What would a scientist do in this situation? ignore the new information argue against the new information evaluate the new information keep the new information to himself

evaluate the new information

Laura is trying to identify a structure that she has found inside the cells she is studying. The structure looks like a system of flattened membranes. Laura discovers that lipids and proteins are transported to the structure, and the structure modifies and distributes them to other parts of the cell. What structure has Laura found? lysosome ribosome Golgi complex central vacuole

golgi complex

Based on the graph, which of the following accurately describes how substrate concentration changes the reaction rate. Substrate concentration does not change reaction rate High substrate concentration has a faster reaction rate Low substrate concentration has a faster reaction rate High substrate concentration has a slower reaction rate

high substrate concentration has a faster reaction rate

Which is not a macromolecule? Hydrogen Nucleic Acid Protein Lipid

hydrogen

The chemical epinephrine (more commonly known as adrenaline) has the chemical formulaC6H3(OH)3C3H6NH. Which of the following statements correctly describes the composiiton of epinephrine? it contains 1 oxygen atom and 13 hydrogen atoms it contains 3 oxygen atoms and 11 hydrogen atoms it contains 9 carbon atoms and 11 hydrogen atoms it contains 9 carbon atoms and 13 hydrogen atoms

it contains 9 carbon atoms and 13 hydrogen atoms

Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because itis not water permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following type of organic molecule? Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Lipids Proteins

lipids

Which types of compounds are not classified as carbohydrates? lipids sugars starches polysaccharides

lipids

Which of the following correctly shows how water molecules bond to each other? Far left Mid left Mid right Far right

mid right

Which of the following correctly shows the organizational pattern of a macromolecule from the simplest to most complex? polymer > macromolecule > monomer macromolecule > polymer > monomer monomer > polymer > macromolecule monomer > macromolecule > polymer

monomer > polymer > macromolecule

A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin wanted to determine whether their multivitamin had any side effects. For its initial study, the company chose 2000 individuals to take one of their multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists from the company surveyed the participants to determine whether they had experienced any side effects. Which of the following was wrong in the procedure used? The sample size was not large enough Only one brand of vitamin was used The study lasted only one year No control group was used

no control group was used

An organism's genetic information is stored in which type of macromolecule? nucleic acid carbohydrate lipid protein

nucleic acid

A scientist has performed an experiment and collected unique data. Which of the following conditions should most likely be met for other biologists to accept the results of the scientist's investigation? The scientist should be able to perform the experiment in a laboratory. Other scientists should be able to replicate the experiment. The scientist should work with known elements. Other scientists should be able to receive the same recognition for the discovery.

other scientists should be able to replicate the experiment

Living things do ALL of the folowing except respond to a stimulus. grow new cells and new structures. perform an activity without the use of energy. maintain homeostasis.

perform an activity without the use of energy

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is generally true? Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; animals have mitochondria but no chloroplasts. Plants have chloroplasts and mitochondria; animals have mitochondria but no chloroplasts. Plants have chloroplast and mitochondria; animals have mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plants have chloroplast but no mitochondria; animals have mitochondria and chloroplasts.

plants have chloroplasts and mitochondria; animals have mitochondria but no chloroplasts

The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids? lipids proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids

proteins

Which of the following best describes the difference between the two reactions? Reaction with enzyme uses less energy Reaction with enzyme uses more energy Reactions are the same Reaction without enzyme uses less energy

reaction with enzyme uses less energy

Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both: are based on what we expect to happen based on natural history. describe the events that can be observed in nature. explain why events and conditions occur as they do in the natural world. represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence.

represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function? ribosome - protein synthesis mitochondrion - movement vacuole - cell division nucleus - storage of nutrients

ribosome - protein synthesis

what is the function of the molecule below? Storage of genetic information Long term energy storage Short term energy Speed up chemical reactions

short term energy

A scientist is performing an experiment to determine the effects of chemical X on the growth of bacteria. Which test tube is the control? test tube 1 Test tube 2 Test tube 3 Test tube 4

test tube 1

A red blood cell is 90% water. A red blood cell is suspended in an 11% water solution a diagram is placed below. What will most likely happen to the red blood cell? The cell will burst. The cell will shrink. The cell will not be affected. The cell will continually grow then shrink.

the cell will shrink

From the statements below which of the scientific advances most directly contributed to the development of the cell theory? the discovery of bacteria and viruses the use of a five-kingdom classification system the development of the gene-chromosome theory the improvement of the microscope and microscopic techniques

the improvement of the microscope and the microscopic techniques

A researcher conducts an experiment to study the effects of alcohol on people's sense of balance. He divides his subjects into three groups: in one group the participants drink one ounce of alcohol, in another they drink two ounces of alcohol and in a third group the participants drink soda. He then watches as each participant tries to walk on a straight line from one corner of the room to the next and notes how many times they stumble outside the line.What is the dependent variable in this experiment? The number of participants in the study The amount of alcohol used in the study . The number of times each participant stumbles during the study The type of soda used in the study

the number of times each participant stumbles during the study

A researcher conducts an experiment to assess the effects of alcohol on people's sense of balance. He divides his subjects into three groups: in one group the participants drink one ounce of alcohol, in another they drink two ounces of alcohol and in a third group the participants drink soda. He then watches as each participant tries to walk on a straight line from one corner of the room to the next and notes how many times they stumble outside the line.What is the dependent variable in this experiment? the number of participants in the study the amount of alcohol used in the study the type of soda used in the study the number of times the participant stumbles during the study

the number of times the participant stumbles during the study

An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with selectively permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. First, the eggs were soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Next, each egg was placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. Based on this experiment, which of the following could be inferred about cells with selectively permeable membranes? Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.

water enters the cell when placed in enviornments of high water concentration

Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role inregulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulatingtemperature? Water is a good solvent .Water exhibits strong cohesion Water has an unusual crystalline structure Water has a high capacity for heat

water has a high capacity for heat

When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because they are both polar water is polar and oil is nonpolar they are both nonpolar water is nonpolar and oil is polar

water is polar and oil is nonpolar

At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached? when the movement of the molecules stops being random when the molecules are mixed and stop moving when the rate of change in the solution slows by one half when there is continuous movement of molecules but no change in concentration

when there is continuous movement of molecules but no change in concentration

Which best describes the difference between an observation and an inference? You can record an observation; an inference is an idea. You make an inference before you make observations. An observation is a conclusion; an inference is a hypothesis. An observation is based on evidence, an inference is not

you can record an observation; an inference is an idea