Biology

Which is a key component of the energy molecule ATP?

phosphorus

Which component is released from the active site of an enzyme during a chemical reaction?

product

Which characteristic of life best describes the process of photosynthesis?

using energy

Which would best be described as abiotic?

water in a stream

How many amino acids must be obtained in the diet because they cannot be made by the body?

10

Which is one of the five characteristics of life?

grows and develops

Which characteristic of life best describes the process of homeostasis?

responding to the environment

Which fat has only single bonds between the carbon atoms in the fatty acid

saturated

Which is one function of steroids?

serving as chemical messengers

Which food contains mostly polysaccharides?

pasta

What scientific knowledge about macromolecules is a direct result of Gerardus Johnannes Mulder's 1838 discovery?

All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Which recent discovery led to a new understanding of how genetic mutations increase the risk of cancer?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

How were Redi's and Pasteur's experiments similar?

Both tested the idea of spontaneous generation.

Which is a difference between proteins and carbohydrates and fats?

Excess carbohydrates and fats are stored; excess proteins are not.

Which statement is true?

Fats are a type of lipid.

Who first identified nucleic acids, and where were they discovered?

Friedrich Meischer discovered nucleic acids in blood cells.

There are more hydrogen atoms in living organisms than any other atom, but oxygen is more abundant in terms of mass.Why is this statement true?

Hydrogen atoms have a lower mass than oxygen atoms

How does a catalyst influence a chemical reaction?

It decreases the amount of energy necessary for the reaction to proceed

Which pair of statements best describes an essential amino acid?

It is an amino acid that cannot be made by the body. It must be obtained from eating certain foods.

Which statement is true about BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?

People can be tested for mutations on these genes.

Who discovered the monomers of nucleic acids?

Phoebus Levene

Which statement best distinguishes plants and animals as they relate to amino acids?

Plants can synthesize all twenty amino acids. Humans must eat plants or animals to obtain some of these amino acids.

Where is the best place to find information about the hazards that are associated with a compound?

Read a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

What must happen before a chemical reaction can begin?

The activation energy must be reached.

What will most likely happen if a person does not consume the minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates?

The body will break down glycogen from the liver.

Which statement best describes how a catalyst can speed up a chemical reaction?

The catalyst decreases the activation energy needed.

Which statement describes how enzymes and substrates are related?

The enzyme influences the speed of change from substrate to product.

If the activation energy required for a chemical reaction were reduced, what would happen to the rate of the reaction?

The rate would increase.

Which statement best describes both insulin and glucagon?

They are both hormones that regulate blood-sugar levels.

The most abundant element in the atmosphere can also be found in

beans and whey protien

Which describes the basic structure of a fatty acid?

a long carbon and hydrogen chain and a carboxyl group

Which three components are common to all amino acids

an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group

Photosynthesis is an example of

an endothermic reaction.

What is the basic unit of matter?

atom

where does a peptide bond form?

between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

How does a catalyst work?

by decreasing the activation energy of a reaction

Lipids exhibit different characteristics based on their structures. The image shows different examples of lipids, such as solid butter and liquid canola oil .Which type of bond is found in many carbon-to-carbon bonds in canola oil, but very few carbon-to-carbon bonds in butter?

c=c

A student wants to create a liquid volcano. The student observes bubbles in the soft drink prior to opening it.The student first proceeds to open the soft drink bottle and place it on the floor.Next the student drops candy tablets into the drink using a rolled piece of paper, so that the tablets are able to fall into the drink continuously. The student notices a very powerful reaction as the drink fizzes and starts to bubble.In this scenario, what would be the catalyst ?

candy tablets being added

Which element is considered the most versatile element in living organisms and why?

carbon, because it can bond with many elements to form complex molecules

A new organism is discovered at the bottom of the ocean. A scientist is determining the composition of elements found in the tissues of the organism.Which elements will most likely be found?

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

what are the six fundamental elements that are found in living organisms.

carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen.

What are the two main parts of a lipid?

carboxyl group, oxygen hydrogen chain

Which term describes an enzyme?

catalyst

A biologist is studying a structure that is made up of two layers of phospholipids.What is she most likely studying?

cell membranes

Which list shows the levels of organization of an organism in hierarchical order from left to right, from the least complex to the most complex?

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

The shrimp in the photograph are small crustaceans, related to lobsters and crabs.

chitin

Which food item contains a lot of processed simple sugars?

cookie

Lactose (milk sugar) is a carbohydrate that is formed by combining galactose and glucose.Which term best describes this molecule?

dissachride

Students are each given a 20-gram sample of an unknown solid compound in a clear plastic bag. They are instructed to break the material into smaller parts by gently hitting it with a hammer. Some of the parts break into large chunks and some look like a fine powder.Which statement correctly describes these broken pieces of the sample?

each piece contains the same porpotion of different elements

Which term describes a pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom?

element

hich provides long-term energy storage?

glycogen because it is a polysaccharide

Which is a component of a phospholipid?

hydrophilic head

Which protein serves as a chemical messenger?

insulin

People with diabetes often receive insulin injections. What effect does insulin have on the body?

it lowers blood sugar levels

In which part of the body is glycogen stored?

liver

Which term best describes an organism that can contain up to five levels of organization to carry out life functions?

multicelluar

Which is one of the six fundamental elements that are found in living organisms?

oxygen

A doctor suspects that one of her patients has a deficiency in one of the six key elements found in living organisms. He has low energy and extremely weak, soft bones.Based on this information alone, which nutrient supplement will she most likely prescribe?

phosphorous

Which element provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters?

phosphorus

Lactase is an enzyme that is produced in the lining of the intestines. This enzyme helps the body speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates that are found in dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese.Which general function does lactase perform?

regulating cell process

Sweating when it is hot outside is an example of which characteristic of life?

responding to the environment

Living organisms break down polysaccharides into

simple sugars

Which is a disaccharide?

sucrose.

Read the following information from a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) about the chemical hydrochloric acid (HCl)."Skin Contact: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately."Based on this information, which is the most important thing to do right away if a student spills HCl on his shirt?

take off shirt and rinse immediantly

Which lipid acts as a chemical messenger?

testosterone

Which is the best definition of activation energy?

the energy required to form or break the bonds of reactant molecules

When listing the levels of organization in organisms from least complex to most complex, which level is just below organs in complexity?

tissue

Where is most of a healthy person's fat stored?

under the skin and around organs

A lion eating a zebra is an example of which characteristic of life?

using energy