Biology Cells Pearson questions

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.

breakdown of fatty acids

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________.

ATP

Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?

Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes Submit

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus - The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.

Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?

In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.

Found in animal cells but not most plant cells

Lysosome

Found in both plant and animal cells

Nucleus Rough ER

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

Nucleus - DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus.

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false?

Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?

Plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single-celled organisms.

________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Prokaryotic

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?

The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production. Submit

Which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is false?

The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell

allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.

A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________.

an archaean

Membrane phospholipids

are able to drift about in the plasma membrane.

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells

are plant cells.

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

Which of the following structures is/are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?

capsule

Found in plant cells but not animal cells

cell wall chloroplast

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall - The cell wall is a rigid supporting structure.

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

Which cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.

chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

Fluidity of an animal cell plasma membrane is enhanced by __________.

cholesterol molecules

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

chromatin

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called

chromosomes

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?

cytosol

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of

diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.

Cilia and flagella move thanks to the energy provided by __________, a special motor protein that can harvest energy from ATP.

dynein arms

Which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments?

electron microscopy

Most animal cells are

embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; however, they are different in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________.

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they

have gained water and burst.

The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes

helps to keep phospholipids from being too close to one another.

The extracellular matrix attached to cells via glycoproteins may then bind to ________ in the plasma membrane.

integrins

What component of the cell membrane connects signals from the outside of the cell with the inside of the cell and vice versa?

integrins

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

The nucleolus __________.

is rich in ribosomal RNA

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.

lack a nucleus

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?

lysosome

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________.

microfilament

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence except the fact that

mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes.

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

nucleoid

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its

nucleoid region

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region -Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.

Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____.

nucleus

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________.

nucleus

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum Submit

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. Which of the following can pass freely through the membrane with no assistance?

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?

peroxisome

Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?

peroxisomes

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.

plant

Chloroplasts are found in __________.

plant cells and some protists

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall - Prokaryotic cells have cell walls. Some eukaryotic cells do also, but animal cells do not.

A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner's sperm indicates that dynein feet are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this could interfere with fertility by

preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell.

Archaea are composed of ________ cells.

prokaryotic

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by

proteins

Overall, membranes seem to have a great deal in common, but on closer inspection it is revealed that membranes of different cells have unique properties. What is the primary component of membranes that gives membranes cell-specific properties?

proteins

Secretory proteins are

released from the cell through the plasma membrane.

Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes -Ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (proteins).

Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

ribosomes - Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells do have ribosomes.

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes - Ribosomes dock on the rough ER, and proteins are completed inside the rough ER.

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?

rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of material

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesizing receptor proteins

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.

You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. For this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells.

the similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules that are transported into the target cells

The stroma is the

thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane.

The function of the nucleolus is

to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

As cell size increases, the

volume increases proportionally more than the surface area

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes - Prokaryotic cells lack any internal membranous compartmentalization whereas eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

transport vesicles

The nucleus of a cell

contains DNA.

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation

will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____.

Golgi apparatus - Vesicles carrying proteins from the ER fuse with the Golgi apparatus, where the proteins may be altered.

Which of the following statements regarding membrane protein function is false?

Membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm.

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion

The eukaryotic cell has multiple membrane-enclosed compartments. This evolutionary innovation provides what advantage to the cell?

The different membrane-enclosed spaces allow different parts of the cell to perform specific functions. Submit

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. - Transport vesicles from the Golgi move to the plasma membrane for export. In some cases the finished products become part of the plasma membrane or part of another organelle. Return to Assignment

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

contains the cell's DNA.

The function of the chloroplast is to _____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.

cristae

What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called?

cristae

The contractile vacuole __________.

eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists

An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell?

endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example, in the vertebrate heart?

gap junctions

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA - The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably __________.

microtubules

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.

plasma membrane

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a(n) _____.

plasmodesma

The cell junctions in plant cells that provide channels between adjacent cells are generally _____.

plasmodesmata

Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells?

plasmodesmata

The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The lipids in a cell membrane are arranged _____.

so that the nonpolar parts of two lipids point toward each other

Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?

stomach tissue

Lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.

the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles

Membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to _____.

the endoplasmic reticulum

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA