Biology Chapter 10-2

What is the first phase of the cell cycle?

The G1 phase is a period of activity in which cells do most of their growing. During this phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.

cell plate

During cytokinesis in plant cells, the cytoplasm is divided by a cell plate

What happens during the cell cycle?

During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then begins the cycle again

What is the S Phase?

G1 is followed by the S phase, in which chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place. Key proteins associated with the chromosomes are also synthesized during the S phase

cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm itself. Cytokinesis usually occurs at the same time as telophase.

What is the G2 Phase?

When the DNA replication is completed, the cell enters the G2 phase. G2 is usually the shortest of the three phases of interphase. During the G2 phase, many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced. When the events of the G2 phase are completed, the cell is ready to enter the M phase and begin the process of cell division.

centromere

area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm during cell division

spindle

fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis

prophase

first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus

telophase

fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material

chromatid

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

centriole

one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

Mitosis

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

interphase

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

anaphase

the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

metaphase

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

cell cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide