Biology Chapter 27- Mastering
Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is true?
A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
Which molecule did Carl Woese study to produce his tree of life?
Ribosomal RNA
What is the difference between an F+ donor and an Hfr donor?
The Hfr donor has an F factor integrated into its main chromosome, but the F+ donor does not.
Suppose conjugation occurs between an Hfr cell and an F- cell. Although not typical, what would have to occur for the recipient cell to become an Hfr cell?
The entire F factor would have to be incorporated into the recipient cell's chromosome.
What usually happens to the recipient cell following conjugation with an Hfr cell?
The recipient cell remains an F- cell.
Which statement is true about obligate anaerobes?
They are poisoned by O2.
What is the function of fimbriae?
They are used to attach the cell to its substrate or to other prokaryotes.
True or false? Data showing that the Bacteria were the first lineage to diverge from the common ancestor of all living organisms suggest that the Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related to each other than they are to the Bacteria.
True
True/ False Endotoxins are released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down.
True
Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot-water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are _____.
chemoautotrophs
Organisms that can cause nongonococcal urethritis are classified with _____.
chlamydias
Which of the following typically produces a recombinant F+ recipient cell?
conjugation between an F+ cell and an F- cell
Which of the following could cause DNA from the main chromosome of a donor cell to be incorporated into the main chromosome of the recipient cell?
conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F- cell
The prokaryotic cells that built stromatolites are classified as _____.
cyanobacteria
The prokaryotic cells that were the first to add significant quantities of oxygen to Earth's atmosphere are classified as _____.
cyanobacteria
The rapid reproduction and large population sizes of many bacterial populations mean that even a small mutation rate can lead to considerable
genetic variation
In theory, the two daughter cells are -----------each other and the parent cell.
genetically identical to
Streptococcus pyogenes is classified with _____.
gram-positive bacteria
The prokaryotic organisms most likely to be found living in salt ponds are the _____.
halophiles
However, mistakes made during DNA replication sometimes result in -----------, changes to the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
mutations
During binary fission, DNA replication begins at the ------------ and continues all the way around the circular chromosome.
origin of replication
When DNA replication is complete and the bacterium has reached twice its original size, the ---------- grows inward, dividing the parent cell into two daughter cells.
plasma membrane
Which group was not described in Woese's tree of life analysis?
prokarya
The chemoheterotroph Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped bacterium classified with _____.
proteobacteria
Spiral-shaped bacteria are likely to be placed with _____.
spirochetes
An ecological relationship between organisms of different species that are in direct contact can best be described as _____.
symbiotic
Bioremediation is _____.
the use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment
What characteristics were used to classify organisms before Woese's tree of life analysis?
Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus
What is lateral gene transfer?
Physical transfer of a gene from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage.
Binary fission is a form of ----------- because a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring.
asexual reproduction
