Biology: Chapter 3 Cells Test
golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
smooth ER
ER that does not have ribosomes attached, and is a major site of lipid synthesis.
does not, transport proteins
Facilitated diffusion ____ require energy and uses the help of ______
Rudolph Virchow
He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells
Matthias Schleiden
He discovered that all plants were made of cells, which contributed to the development of the cell theory
Spontaneous Generation
Rudolph Virchow's observations helped to disprove was commonly held belief of the time?
gated channel
The door to your house is like the ___ of a cell membrane?
screen door
The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is like a(n):
Cell
The word cyto means
cell membrane
This structure serves as the outer boundary of the eukaryotic cell
Organelles
Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called
a membrane bound nucleus
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have
Lysosomes
What part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things?
endoplasmic reticulum
What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway?
endoplasmic reticulum
Where are ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells?
Cells must contain DNA
Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory? Cells must contain DNA All living things are made of cells Cells can only come from other cells Cells are the basic unit of life
Microscopes
Which technology was essential for the development of the cell theory?
Robert Hook
Who first saw cells in a microscope?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Who invented the first microscope ?
Robert Hooke
Who was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them a name?
Theodore Schwann
a German zoologist who concluded all animals where made of cells
cytoplasm
a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
lysosome
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.
mitochondria
cell organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
mitochondria
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
vacuole
cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
cell
collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all life
osmosis
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
lysosomes
digests excess products and food particles
lipid bilayer
double layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membtranes
active transport
energy-requiring process that moves materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient
chromatin
granular material visible within the nucleus consists of DNA tightly coiled around protein
cell theory
idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things and new cells are produced from existing cells
nucleus
in cells the structure that contains the cells genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
endoplasmic reticulum
internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and proteins are modified
nuclear envelope
layer of 2 membranes that surrounds the nucleus of the cell
ribosomes
makes proteins
cytoplasm
material inside cell membrane not including nucleus
facilitated diffusion
movement of specific molecules across a cell membrane through protein channels
cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments within cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
centriole
one of 2 tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. Help with chromosome organization during cell division
chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
eukaryote
organisms whose cells contain a nuclei
exocytosis
process by which a cell releases large amounts of materials
pinocytosis
process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
endocytosis
process by which a cell takes materials into the cell by infolding of cell membrane
diffusion
process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
phagocytosis
process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
rough ER
ribosomes are on the surface and involved in protein synthesis
nucleolus
small dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begin
ribosomes
small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
organelle
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within eukaryotic cell
golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
cell wall
strong supporting layer around cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria
concentration
the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
chromosome
thread like structure within nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed form one generation to at the next
small
to function most efficiently, a cell's size must be _____
prokaryote
unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
hypertonic
when comparing 2 solutions, the solution with greater concentration of solutes
hypotonic
when comparing 2 solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
isotonic
when concentration of 2 solutions is the same
equilibrium
when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution
nucleolus
where are ribosomes made?
mitochondrion
where does cellular respiration take place ?
rough ER, ribosomes, and nucleus
where does protein synthesis take place ?
nucleus
where is DNA found in a cell?
