Biology chapter 5

Sugars are molecules that have _____ C:H:O and are called ____

A 1:2:1 ratio of ; carbohydrates

Which of the following is a polymer?

Cellulose; a plant cell wall component

The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _____ bond.

Covalent

The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by

Glycosidic linkages

The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules?

Lipids

Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass?

Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to individual glucose units.

The proper three-dimensional shape and folding of a protein is assisted by

Molecules called chaperonins

sickle cell anemia is a disease that is caused by ______ in the ______ of the protein

A single amino acid change; primary structure

Which type of protein shields a newly forming protein from cytoplasmic influences while it is folding into its functional form?

Chaperonins

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture

DNA

Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for

Energy storage and release

The tertiary structure of a protein includes all of the following interactions except ___ bonds.

Peptide

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are

Phospholipids

Macromolecules, the molecules of life, include all of the following except ____

Trace elements

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, ______ is always formed as a by-product of the reaction

Water

______ is always involved in hydrolysis reactions.

Water