Biology - Chapter 5 Mastering Biology Assignment

What are attached at the centromere?

Sister chromatids

What specifically separates during anaphase of mitosis?

Sister chromatids

What happens during cytokinesis?

The cytoplasm is split and distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis.

What process involving cell division results in daughter cells that are NOT identical to the parent cell?

Sexual reproduction

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.

mitosis

Cells spend most of their lives in ________.

interphase

The offspring produced via asexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.

identical

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

At the completion of plant cell mitosis

When are the chromosomes of a cell duplicated?

Before a cell divides

What is the biological sex of the person indicated in the photograph?

Female

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the stages of the cell cycle.

From left to right: Most of the cell's life is spent in interphase, when growth occurs. Cells that are about to divide replicate their DNA. In prophase microtubules form the mitotic spindle, and the nuclear envelope breaks up. At metaphase the mitotic spindle is fully formed and chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell. In anaphase, sister chromatids separate and become full-fledged chromosomes that move to opposite poles. In telophase chromosomes become less condensed and new nuclear envelopes form. In cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides.

During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

Interphase

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?

Gametes

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?

23

In the picture below, how many chromosomes are present?

46

What is a karyotype?

A picture of all the chromosomes in one person's cell

In the picture below, what is encircled?

A sister chromatid

The cell cycle: Drag the pink labels onto the pink targets to identify the two main phases of the cell cycle. Then drag the blue labels onto the blue targets to identify the key stages that occur during those phases.

A. G1 Phase B. S Phase C. Interphase D. G2 Phase E. Mitotic (M) Phase F. Mitosis G. Cytokinesis

How does cytokinesis occur in a dividing animal cell?

By the formation of a cleavage furrow

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

Genes are located on ________.

chromosomes

As mitosis begins, __________ are linked together at the centromere.

sister chromatids

The recessive trait is expressed in an individual when ________.

the individual has two recessive alleles

When one cell goes through cell division, it produces ________.

two identical cells

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

1. A(n) character is an inherited feature that varies from individual to individual. 2. A(n) trait is one particular variation of a character. 3. Most human genes come in alternate versions called alleles. 4. If an organism has two non-identical versions of a gene, the one that is expressed in the organism is called the dominant allele. 5. If an organism has two non-identical versions of a gene, the one that is not expressed in the organism is called the recessive allele. 6. The physical traits of an organism are called its phenotype. 7. The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all terms will be used.

1. Before a cell divides, it copies all of its chromosomes. While the two copies of a chromosome are attached they are called sister chromatids. 2. Chromosomes contain most of the cell's DNA which acts as the molecule of heredity. 3. A duplicated chromosome remains tightly paired with its partner at a region called the centromere. 4. DNA and protein together form a complex called chromatin. 5. The DNA of every eukaryotic cell is stored in one or more chromosomes located in the nucleus.

Events of Mitosis: Drag the pink labels onto the pink targets to identify key events in mitosis. Then drag the blue labels onto the blue targets to identify the stages of mitosis. Pink: Mitotic spindle forming Chromosomes separating Nuclear envelope forming Sister chromatids centered Blue: Anaphase Prophase Interphase Telophase and cytokinesis Metaphase

A. Mitotic spindle forming B. Sister chromatids centered C. Chromosomes separating D. Nuclear envelope forming E. Interphase F. Prophase G. Metaphase H. Anaphase I. Telophase and cytokinesis

Drag the labels to the correct locations on these images of human chromosomes.

A. homologous chromosomes B. centromere C. sister chromatids D. autosomes E. sex chromosomes F. karyotypes

When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?

Its phenotype

Part A: Part complete The cell cycle can be divided into distinct stages. Drag the labels to the figure of the cell cycle. Part B: The cell cycle is a predictable sequence of events that makes up the lifetime of all cells. Sort the events to the phase of the cell cycle during which they occur.

Part A: Top Left: (Blue) Interphase (Red) 90% of all life's cycle Right mid-center top: (Blue) Mitosis Under Mitosis in the right bottom center: (Blue) Cytokinesis Under Cytokinesis Bottom right: (Blue) Mitotic phase Part B: Interphase The cytoplasm doubles, increasing the overall size and volume of the cell. Chromosomes are duplicated in preparation for cell division. Mitosis The duplicated chromosomes separate and are distributed to two offspring nuclei. Cytokinesis The cell divides into two offspring cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes from the parent cell.

Part A: What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis? Part B: The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis? Part C: The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis? Part D: The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis? Part E: The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis? Part F: At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _________________.

Part A: The chromosomes must be duplicated. Part B: Prophase Part C: Metaphase Part D: Anaphase Part E: Telophase Part F: cytokinesis

Part A: One of life's most important characteristics is the ability to reproduce. In humans, reproduction involves several stages and two types of cell division. Let's begin with naming the various stages in the human life cycle. Drag the labels to the diagram. Part B: During the human life cycle, individual cells reproduce and combine in several ways. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Part C: A normal adult has 46 chromosomes per cell. During meiosis, gametes are produced with _____ chromosomes each. After fertilization, a zygote is produced with _____ chromosomes.

Part A: Top: Gamete Right Middle: Zygote Bottom right: Embryo Bottom: Baby Left Middle: Adult Starts at Gamete then to zygote, embryo, baby, and finally an adult and the process starts over again. Part B: Adults produce gametes through a type of cellular reproduction called meiosis The process of a sperm cell and an egg cell fusing together is called fertilization and produces a zygote. As a zygote undergoes rapid cell division to develop into an embryo, fetus, and eventually baby, the type of cellular reproduction being used is mitosis As a baby grows into an adult, the type of cellular reproduction used is mitosis Part C: 23 ; 46

What is cytokinesis?

The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

Cell theory states that ________.

all life is made up of cells, and cells arise from preexisting cells

An individual can be homozygous for a trait, which means ________.

both of their alleles carry the same information

Imagine that eye color in cats is controlled by a single gene and that there are two alleles: black eyes and orange eyes. All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed cat and an orange-eyed cat have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is __________ the allele for orange eyes.

dominant to