Biology Chapter 5
What is G0?
A process where cells are unlikely to divide, but still carry out their normal functions.
What's the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring. Sexual reproduction produces genetically unique offspring.
What is the creation of offspring form only one parent organism called?
Asexual reproduction.
What forms of reproduction does the sear anemone use?
Asexually and sexually.
Cancer cells can either be one of the two which is?
Benign or malignant.
What produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell?
Binary fission.
What does metastasize mean?
Break away, and can form more tumors; spread and grow.
What forms a new organism from a small projection growing on the surface of the parent?
Budding
List three examples of mitotic reproduction.
Budding, Fragmentation, and Vegetative reproduction.
Tumor
Cancer cells form disorganized clumps.
What type of disease may result of cell did bison is not properly regulated?
Cancer.
What substances know to produce or promote the development of cancer?
Carcinogen.
Mitosis
Cell Division;Division of the cell nucleus(Mitosis) and cell cytoplasm(Cytokinesis).
What is the process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells?
Cell differentiation.
G1
Cell grows, carry out normal functions, and replicate their organelles.
Multicellular organisms depend on interactions in multicellular organisms: cells make up?
Cells make up tissues make up organs make up organ system.
Sister chromatids are held together at the?
Centromere.
One half of a duplicated chromosomes is a?
Chromatid.
The loose combination of DNA and proteins is called?
Chromatin.
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Prophase
Chromosomes tighten up and spindle fibers form and nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.
List two examples of tissues of organ systems found in plants?
Conductive and protective.
What process divides a cells cytoplasm?
Cytokinesis.
Synthesis(S)
DNA Synthesis, the cell makes a copy of of its DNA.
What role does cell location play within a developing embryo?
Determines hero it will differentiate.
List three identifying characteristics of stem cells?
Divide and renew themselves, remain undifferentiated in form, and develop into a variety of specialized cell.
Mitosis occurs in what type of cells?
Eukaryotes cells.
T or False? Binary fission is similar in function to synthesis.
False, Binary fission is similar in function to mitosis.
True or False?Organ systems are groups of tissues that perform a specific or related function.
False, Organs are groups of tissues that perform a specific or related function.
True of False? Asexual reproduction is an advantage in changing condition
False, Sexual reproduction is an advantage in changing condition.
T or False? Benign tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors.
False.
How many stages does the cell cycle have?
Four main stages.
How did the G1 and G2 stages get their names?
G means gaps, periods between synthesis and mitosis.
Cells must pass through the critical checkpoint during which two stages of the cell cycle?
G1 and G2.
Which of the following below are two checkpoints that are vital to the cell cycle?
G1 and G2.
For cells to stay the same size from generation to generation, what two things must be coordinated?
Growth and division.
DNA wraps around organizing proteins called?
Histones.
List two examples of organ systems found in plants?
Shoot system and root system.
Anaphase
Sister chromatids spears to opposite sides of the cell.
Why do chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis?
So they don't tangle up as the replicated chromosomes are split during mitosis.
pluripotent
growing into any cell type but a totipotent cell.
totipotent
growing into any other cell type.
multipotent
growing into cells of a closely related cell family.
G2
Additional growth.
Embryonic stem cells
Are pluripotent and can be grown indefinitely in culture.
Chemical Control system
Is regulated at certain checkpoints.
Asexual reproduction
Is the creation of offspring from a single parent.
Fragmentation
Is the splitting of the parent into pieces that each grow into a new organism.
What are the four cell cycles?
M(itosis), G1, S(ythesis), and G2.
What two processes make up the M(itosis) stage?
Mitosis and cytokinesis.
Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Mitosis(M)
What process divides the cell nucleus and its contents?
Mitosis.
Where does DNA synthesis happen in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is a chromosomes?
One long , continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information.
What happens during binary fission?
Parent cells-DNA duplicates- Cell begins to divide- Two daughter cells are created identical to the parent cells.
Interphase
Prepares the cell to divide. During this DNA is duplicated.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death.
Telomeres
Protect DNA and do not include genes.
Why are chromosomes not condense during all stages of the cell cycle?
Proteins must access specific genes to make certain proteins to carry out necessary process.
How does interphase prepare a cell to divide?
Provides time for duplication of organelles and DNA replication.
Telophase
The new nuclei(membrane) and chromosomes begin to uncoil. It's the beginning of cytokinesis.
What is cell differentiation?
The process by which unspecialized cell becomes specialized.
How does an organisms benefit form organ systems that work together and communicate?
These systems help organisms carry out complex, specialized functions and maintain homeostasis.
T or False? Tissues are groups of cells that perform a similar function.
True
T or F? Cancer cells form tumors.
True.
T or False? Cell cycle regulations necessary for health growth.
True.
True or False? Asexual reproduction is an advantage in consistently favorable conditions.
True.
True or False? Organ systems are groups of organs that carry out similar functions.
True.
True or False? Specialized cells perform specific functions.
True.
Which typically increase as faster as a cell grows, surface area or volume?
Volume.
Why does a skin cell divide more often than a liver cell?
A skin cell is more "wear and tear" because it's exposed to the outside environment.
How does cytokinesis differ between plants and animal cells?
In animal cells, the membrane pinches closed and plant cells, a cell plate forms.
In what types of organisms is mitosis reproduction most common?
In simpler plants and animals.
The ends of DNA molecules form structures called?
Telomeres.
