Biology- Chapter Five

ATP is comprised of sugar, base, and two phosphate groups.

Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?

a phosphate is removed.

ATP releases energy when

The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose?

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecule

Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms?

hypertonic

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in

One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

all of the above answers.

Factors that may affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include

carbon dioxide

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

plasmolyzed plant cell.

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

the salt has the risk of leeching the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

Osmosis

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

feedback inhibition

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

Exocytosis

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?

diffusion

Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane?

hypotonic

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

c

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?

solar energy- chloroplast- mitochondria

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem?

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

the skier traveling downhill

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

A sugar cube dissolves in coffee

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule?

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with 4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube?

shrink due to water loss by the cell.

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

Energy of activation

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from earth and using solar energy produced highly ordered sugar molecules like glucose

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is an energy transformation, create order rather than disorder?

each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate.

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because