Biology cK-12 2.7 Ribosomes and Mitochondria

Sperm cells and muscle cells need lots of energy. What do they have in common?

They have lots of mitochondria. Cells that need lots of energy have lots of mitochondria.

__________________ is the process or ordering amino acids in assembly of a protein.

Translation

Describe the structure of a mitochondrion

A mitochondrion has 2 phospholipid membranes. The smooth out er membrane separates the mitochondrion from the cytosol. The inner membrane has many folds called cristae. The fluid-filled inside of the mitochondrion (called the matrix) is where most of the cell's ATP is made.

____________________ are where energy from organic compounds is used to make ATP.

Mitochondria

Identify the reason why mitochondria are called "power plants" of the cell.

Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration (where they use energy from organic compounds to make ATP - the cell's energy source).

___________________ are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. They are found in all cells.

Ribosomes

What is the significant difference between the structure of a ribosome and other organelles?

Ribosomes are not surrounded by a membrane. Other organelles are surrounded by a membrane.

What is the function of a ribosome?

Ribosomes decode the message and the formation of peptide bonds. A ribosome is the sight of protein translation (assembly) during protein synthesis. Ribosomes are the cell structure that makes a protein.

_______________ are RNA molecules that catalyze chemical reactions, like translation.

Ribozymes