Biology Energy Flow Test

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Draw an energy diagram representing an exothermic reaction. Label the parts of the diagram that show the reactant energy, the product energy, and the activation energy. Do not include an enzyme. (7 pts)

(include potential energy[on y-axis]) (include rxn progress [on x-axis]) (include reactants[at beginning of diagram]) (include activation energy [going down from major incline]) (include products [at end of diagram])

Summarize why the overall process of breaking down ATP is considered an exothermic process, while the overall process of forming ATP is considered an endothermic process.

-It doesn't take a big input of energy to break the 3rd phosphate off (since ATP is so unstable). Overall, more energy is released than absorbed by this process, and thus it is considered exothermic. -It takes a lot of energy to attach the 3rd phosphate, so very little is released when ATP is formed. Overall, because more energy is absorbed than released, it is considered an endothermic process.

Explain what the energy is used for when a phosphate is removed, and where that energy initially comes from.

-When a phosphate is removed from the ATP-ADP Cycle, energy is released for cell functions -Energy initially comes from the Sun and then you eat food that is affected by the sun.

Label the parts of the ATP molecule

2 adenine, 1 ribose, 3 phosphate groups

Reactant

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

Catabolic

A process in which large molecules are broken down

Anabolic

A process in which large molecules are built from small molecules

endothermic reaction

A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat More energy in products than reactants

exothermic reaction

A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat Less energy in products then reactants

Which structures pictured would make up an ATP molecule

A, B, C, and D

Which of the following reactions DIRECTLY provides chemical energy for most cell functions?

ATP🡪ADP+P

Endothermic

Absorbs heat

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Summarize how energy changes during a chemical reaction as bonds are broken and formed

Breaking a bond requires energy to be absorbed. Forming a bond allows energy to be released.

Between which two letters is the bond the most unstable and easiest to break?

C and D

Identify the products in this reaction: 6H2O + 6CO2 🡪 C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6 and 6O2

Which macromolecule found in the food you eat will your cells break down FIRST to get ATP?

Carbohydrates

activation energy

Energy needed to get a reaction started

Explain the overall function of enzymes in biochemical reactions like photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Enzymes control all metabolic reactions. They speed up reactions (that can occur on their own, just slowly) by lowering the activation energy needed to get the reaction started.

Exothermic

Releases heat

Which phrase best describes an exothermic chemical reaction?

Releases more energy than it absorbs

Products

The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.

In the enzyme-substrate complex pictured below, what is happening during the second picture?

The enzyme is breaking bonds in the substrate.

active site

The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs.

Chemismosis

The process in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane that is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP is called

Enzyme

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Reactants bind to enzymes at the

active site

What is an example of something the energy released from atp is used for?

active transport

In the graph to the right, an increase in temperature results in

an increase in reaction rate

Describe how temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction.

an increase in temperature increases kinetic energy increases the prodigal collision increases the rate of the reaction.

Chemical reactions change a and make b. The activation c is required in order for a chemical reaction to occur. Chemical reactions can be classified as d or e. An example of a reaction that releases more than it absorbs is f. An example of a reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases is g. All chemical reactions must break or form ____.

bonds

The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by the presence of a

catalyst

Chemical reactions change a and make b. The activation c is required in order for a chemical reaction to occur. Chemical reactions can be classified as d or e. An example of a reaction that releases more than it absorbs is ______.

cellular respiration

What is the name of the process in which ATP is made? Where in the cell does this process occur?

cellular respiration occurs in the mitochoondria

Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are considered to be

endothermic

Chemical reactions change a and make b. The activation c is required in order for a chemical reaction to occur. Chemical reactions can be classified as ____ or _____.

endothermic, exothermic

Chemical reactions change a and make b. The activation _______ is required in order for a chemical reaction to occur.

energy

Describe how substrate concentration affects the rate of a chemical reaction.

increase in the substrate increases the number of collisions increases the reaction rate.

Describe how catalysts affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

increasing the rate by lowering the activation energy.

Explain the purpose of ATP

it is the main energy currency for the cell Energy-carrying molecule that carries/store energy for cell functions

Energy is released from an ATP molecule for cellular processes when it

loses a phosphate group

Denaturation

loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor

If the food you eat is like a check, ATP is like

money

What macromolecule can your body NOT get ATP from?

nucleic acids

What is the only thing recycled during the ATP-ADP cycle?

phosphate

Chemical reactions change a and make b. The activation c is required in order for a chemical reaction to occur. Chemical reactions can be classified as d or e. An example of a reaction that releases more than it absorbs is f. An example of a reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases is ______

photosynthesis

Chemical reactions change _____ and make ____.

reactants, products

Describe how pH affects the rate of a chemical reaction.

reactions only happen in a specific pH range.

Which phrase BEST describes the function of the ATP molecule?

stores energy

All of the following parts make up an ADP molecule EXCEPT

structure D

catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

The molecule that an enzyme binds to is known as its

substrate

Describe the five factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions.

temperature, pH, substrate concentration, catalysts, and competitive inhibitor

Describe the ATP and ADP cycle.

the ATP releases energy as it loses a P and becomes ADP. The cycle then continues as the P can be added back to ADP (by adding energy) and it becomes ATP again.

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

If the activation energy of a biochemical reaction is lowered, then

the reaction will happen faster.

Where does your body get the energy for reattaching a third phosphate to ADP, creating ATP?

usually from carbs

Describe how competitive inhibitor affects the rate of a chemical reaction.

will decrease the reaction rate by competing with the substrate for the enzymes active site.