BIOLOGY Exam 3

A fruit is most commonly A) a mature ovary. B) a thickened style. C) an enlarged ovule. D) a modified root. E) a mature female gametophyte.

a

A shark belongs in which group a) deuterostomia b) amniotes c) lobed-finned fishes d) mammalia e) tetrapods

a

All chordates have three germ layers A) True B) False

a

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also A) triploblastic. B) a deuterostome. C) coelomate. D) highly cephalized. E) a Chordate

a

Cnidarians are diploblastic. They possess two germ layers. True or false cnidarians possess a gastrovascular cavity. a) True b) False

a

In a positive-feedback system where hormone A alters the amount of protein X A) an increase in A always produces an increase in X. B) an increase in X always produces a decrease in A. C) a decrease in A always produces an increase in X. D) a decrease in X always causes a decrease in A. E) it is impossible to predict how A and X affect each other.

a

Organisms in the Kingdom Animalia are: A) multicellular and heterotrophic B) multicellular and autotrophic C) unicellular and autotrophic D) unicellular and autotrophic E) chemoautotrophic

a

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the A) hypothalamus. B) adenohypophysis. C) anterior pituitary. D) adrenal cortex. E) posterior pituitary.

a

Pollen grains are involved in what? a) microspore b)megaspore

a

What is the difference between the hydra and the polyp forms? a) The polyp is sessile, the hydra is motile b) the polyp is motile, the hydra is sessile

a

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance? A) lancelets B) adult tunicates C) amphibians D) reptiles E) chondrichthyans

a

Which layer gives rise to the outer covering of an animal, such as the epidermis? a) ectoderm b) endoderm c) mesoderm

a

Which of the following applies to the male sex of a plant a) microspore b) megaspore

a

Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates? A) ray-finned fishes B) birds C) amphibians D) nonbird reptiles E) mammals

a

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed? A) ovule B) ovary C) fruit D) stamen

a

Which of the following is true? a) all vertebrates are chordates b) all chordates are vertebrates c) neither is true d) both are true

a

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the pollen tube? A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) male sporophyte D) female sporophyte

a

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? A) the shelled, amniotic egg B) the ability to maintain a constant body temperature C) two pairs of appendages D) bony scales E) a four-chambered heart

a

Which of these might have been observed in the common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans? A) a mineralized, bony skeleton B) opercula C) bony fin rays D) a spiral valve intestine E) a swim bladder

a

Which of these represents the female part of the plant a) stigma b) anther

a

With which of the following statements would a biologist be most inclined to agree? A) Humans and apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor. B) Humans evolved directly from Old World monkeys. C) Humans represent the pinnacle of evolution and have escaped from being affected by natural selection. D) Humans evolved from chimpanzees. E) Humans and apes are the result of disruptive selection in a species of chimpanzee.

a

which layer gives rise to the nervous system? a) ectoderm b) endoderm c) mesoderm

a

Sponges and Cnidarians share which two of the following traits? a) multicellularity b) radial symmetry c) are animals

a and c

A bird is which? a) acoelomate b) coelomate c) pseudocoelomate

b

A fish is which? a) acoelomate b) coelomate c) pseudocoelomate (for flatworms)

b

An animal undergoes complete metamorphosis and has an open circulatory system. The animal is a(n): a) cnidarian b) arthropod c) amphibian d) reptile e) sponge

b

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as A) the digestive system's opening. B) suspension-feeding devices. C) components of the jaw. D) gill slits for respiration. E) portions of the inner ear.

b

Cnidarians are diploblastic. They possess two germ layers. True or false cnidarians possess a true body cavity (form of coelem) a) true b) false

b

Cnidarians are multicellular and have true tissues. They are also a) triploblastic b) diploblastic c) neither

b

Examination of the fossils of Archaeopteryx reveals that, in common with extant birds, it had A) a long tail containing vertebrae. B) feathers. C) teeth. D) Three of the options listed are correct. E) Two of the options listed are correct.

b

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms? A) by nourishing the plants that make them B) by facilitating dispersal of seeds C) by attracting insects to the pollen inside D) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat E) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization

b

If a multicellular animal lacks true tissues, then it can properly be included among the A) eumetazoans. B) metazoans. C) choanoflagellates. D) lophotrochozoans. E) bilateria.

b

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes? A) lampreys B) chondrichthyans C) ray-finned fishes D) lungfishes E) placoderms

b

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation? A) a bioinformatic system B) positive feedback C) negative feedback D) feedback inhibition E) enzymatic catalysis

b

The blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during A) fertilization. B) gastrulation. C) the eight-cell stage of the embryo. D) coelom formation. E) cleavage.

b

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is A) epithelial tissue. B) connective tissue. C) skeletal muscle. D) smooth muscle. E) nervous tissue.

b

The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function? A) reproduction B) feeding C) locomotion D) defense E) respiration

b

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates? A) endothermy B) feathers C) an amniotic egg D) flight E) a four-chambered heart

b

Which layer gives rise to the inner lining of organs such as the digestive tract? a) ectoderm b) endoderm c) mesoderm

b

Which of the following are not accurate application of chitin in arthropods? a) support b) component of endoderm c) connection that aids movement d) water retention e) armored protection

b

Which of the following came first? a) jawed fishes b) crainiates c) amniotes d) lobe-fins e) ray-fins

b

Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms? A) complete reliance on wind as the pollinating agent B) double internal fertilization C) free-living gametophytes D) carpels that contain microsporangia E) ovules that are not contained within ovaries

b

Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes? A) spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth B) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth C) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus D) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus E) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth

b

Which of these animals is an acoelomate? a) annelid b) platyhelminth/flatworm c) nematode

b

Which of these represent male parts of a plant? a) carpel b) stamen

b

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? A) It has a shell that increases gas exchange. B) It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment. C) It prolongs embryonic development. D) It provides insulation to conserve heat. E) It permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization.

b

Cnidarians are diploblastic they possess two germ layers. Which two? a) mesoderm b) endoderm c) ectoderm

b and c

A human is which? a) acoelomate b) coelomate c) pseudocoelomate

c

All hormones A) are produced by endocrine glands. B) are lipid-soluble molecules. C) are carried to target cells in the blood. D) are protein molecules. E) elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells.

c

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first? A) reduced jawbones B) language C) bipedal locomotion D) the making of stone tools E) an enlarged brain

c

In which form is the body cavity completely surrounded by the mesoderm? a) pseudocoelomate b) acoelomate c) coelomate (eucoelomate)

c

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by A) radiation B) torpor C) evaporation D) conduction E) osmoregulation

c

Sponges are unicellular and lack true tissues they are: a) triploblastic b) diploblastic c) neither

c

The gastrovascular cavity in polyp form of cnidarians has which function(s)? a) communication b) sensory c) mouth and anus d) defense e) movement

c

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in A) a neuron in the spinal cord. B) a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. C) a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. D) a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. E) a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes.

c

The primary function of the notochord is: A) Sensory B) Digestive C) Support D) Reproduction E) Respiration

c

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) thyroid gland. C) hypothalamus. D) subcutaneous layer of the skin. E) liver.

c

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates A) have a body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have a solid body. B) contain tissues derived from mesoderm, whereas pseudocoelomates have no such tissue. C) have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not. D) have a complete digestive system with mouth and anus, whereas pseudocoelomates have a digestive tract with only one opening. E) have a gut that lacks suspension within the body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place.

c

What was the cambrian explosion? a) The asteroid that struck known as the KT event b) a mass extinction of 2/3 of all species c) the sudden radiation of many novel species d) a massive volcanic eruption in the pacific ocean e) the early earth atmosphere before life

c

Which layer gives rise to muscles in animals? a) ectoderm b) endoderm c) mesoderm

c

Which of the following is the most inclusive (most general) group, all of whose members have fully opposable thumbs? A) apes B) Homo C) anthropoids D) hominins E) primates

c

Which of the following is true? a) all ecdysozoans are arthropods b) arachnids are hexapods c) nematodes are ecdysozoans d) ecdysozoans are duterostomes e) nematodes are insects

c

Which of the following was probably the least important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion? A) the emergence of predator-prey relationships among animals B) the accumulation of diverse adaptations, such as shells and different modes of locomotion C) the movement of animals onto land D) the origin of Hox genes and other genetic changes affecting the regulation of developmental genes E) the accumulation of sufficient atmospheric oxygen to support the more active metabolism of mobile animals

c

Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms? A) stigma B) carpel C) ovule D) ovary E) anthers

c

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's A) secretory cell. B) plasma cell. C) endocrine cell. D) target cell. E) regulatory cell.

d

An animal has three tissue layers and a vertebra. Which must it be? a) mollusca b) porifera c) hemichordata d) chondrichthyes e) Tunicate

d

An organism is a multicellular filter feeder that lacks true tissue. It is a member of a) reptilia b) chordata c) hemichordata d) porifera e) choanoflagellates

d

Angiosperm double fertilization is so-called because it features the formation of A) two embryos from one egg and two sperm cells. B) one embryo from one egg fertilized by two sperm cells. C) two embryos from two sperm cells and two eggs. D) one embryo involving one sperm cell and an endosperm involving a second sperm cell. E) one embryo from two eggs fertilized by a single sperm cell.

d

Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive (most general) to least inclusive (most specific). 1. lobe-fins 2. amphibians 3. gnathostomes 4. osteichthyans 5. tetrapods A) 4, 3, 1, 5, 2 B) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 C) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 D) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 E) 3, 4, 5, 1, 2

d

Cnidarians are multicellular and have true tissues and are diploblastic. Which of these characteristics do they also posses? a) They are eumetazoans b) They possess symmetry c) neither A nor B d) Both A and B

d

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal? A) chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and mammals B) amphibians, mammals, and reptiles C) chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and reptiles D) reptiles and mammals E) reptiles and amphibians

d

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of A) a body cavity. B) a complete digestive tract. C) a circulatory system. D) true tissues. E) mesoderm.

d

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of A) ecdysone. B) glucagon. C) thyroxine. D) oxytocin. E) growth hormone.

d

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having A) radial or bilateral symmetry. B) a well-defined head or no head. C) diploblastic or triploblastic embryos. D) true tissues or no tissues. E) a body cavity or no body cavity.

d

Which of the following are considered apes? A) lorises B) New World monkeys C) Old World monkeys D) orangutans E) tarsiers

d

Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs? A) lizards B) crocodiles C) snakes D) birds E) tuataras

d

Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit? A) stigma B) style C) ovule D) ovary E) micropyle

d

Which of the following was not a significant aspect of the cambrian explosion a) emergence of segmented body forms b) emergence of 1/2 of modern-day phyla c) emergence of hard/mineralized parts d) emergence of the first vertebrates e) emergence of significant predation

d

Which of these species is currently thought to have coexisted (at the same time and places) with H. neanderthalensis? A) H. erectus B) H. ergaster C) H. habilis D) H. sapiens

d

You have before you a living organism, which you examine carefully. Which of the following should convince you that the organism is acoelomate? A) It is triploblastic. B) It has bilateral symmetry. C) It possesses sensory structures at its anterior end. D) Muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall.

d

Which of the following are not among the four derived traits of chordates? a) pharyngeal slits b) post anal tail c) notochord d) jaw e) vertebrate

d and e

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the A) kidneys. B) pancreas. C) adrenal gland. D) posterior pituitary gland. E) anterior pituitary gland.

e

Acoelomates are characterized by A) the absence of a brain. B) the absence of mesoderm. C) deuterostome development. D) a coelom that is not completely lined with mesoderm. E) a solid body without a cavity surrounding internal organs.

e

An animal lays eggs and is endothermic. It is likely a(n): a) bird b) marsupial c) monotreme d) amphibian e) Two are correct

e

Endocrine structures derived from nervous tissue include the A) thymus and the thyroid. B) ovaries and the testes. C) liver and the pancreas. D) anterior pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex. E) posterior pituitary gland and the adrenal medulla.

e

Hagfishes (myxin) lack which of the following a) true tissues b) vertebrae c) multicellularity d) triploblasty e) jaws

e

Hormones that promote homeostasis A) are not found as members of antagonistic signaling mechanisms. B) travel to target cells without passage in the plasma. C) utilize receptors that bind any hormone. D) initiate signal transduction in the target cell without binding to receptors. E) usually operate as part of a negative feedback system.

e

In which forms do cnidarians appear? a) complete metamorphosis b) incomplete metamorphosis c) polyp d) hydra e) both c and d

e

Lampreys differ from hagfishes in A) lacking jaws. B) having a cranium. C) having pharyngeal clefts that develop into pharyngeal slits. D) having a notochord throughout life. E) having a notochord that is surrounded by a tube of cartilage.

e

Pharyngeal gill slits first evolved for: A) Respiration B) Post anal tail C) Production of glandular tissue D) Sensory organs E) Filter Feeding

e

The hypothalamus A) functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. B) functions only in neuronal transmission. C) does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. D) secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. E) includes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary.

e

Vertebrates and tunicates share A) jaws adapted for feeding. B) a high degree of cephalization. C) the formation of structures from the neural crest. D) an endoskeleton that includes a skull. E) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

e

Which clade includes humans? A) synapsids B) lobe-fins C) osteichthyans D) craniates E) all these clades include humans

e

Which of the following belongs to the lobe-fin clade? A) chondrichthyans B) ray-finned fishes C) lampreys D) hagfishes E) tetrapods

e

Which of these are amniotes? A) amphibians B) fishes C) egg-laying mammals D) placental mammals E) More than one of these is correct

e