Biology Final

Which of the following is the proper equation for photosynthesis?

6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight →C6H12O6 + 6O2

How does coevolution lead to speciation

An adaptation in one organism drives adaptation in the second organism

Which of the following embryos will look similar to human embryos for the longest?

Cat

For the species Homo sapiens the first part of the name Homo denotes the

Genus

Victoria, who is 10 years old, wants to be a zoologist when she grows up because she loves animals. So, she decided to begin her training by "doing something scientific." Specifically, she weighed and measured the lengths of all the earthworms she could find in her yard and recorded the data in a notebook. She then made a graph showing the maximum, minimum, and average weights and heights of the earthworms. Was she doing something scientific as in the scientific method?

No, because she had no hypothesis to direct her data collection or interpretation.

Based on the scientific evidence presented in the journals Lancet and Vaccine which of the following is NOT the reason for the observed increase in incidence of autism in the United States and other countries since the 1970s?

The MMR vaccine is being more broadly administered, so more children are getting autism.

Evolution can be described as

a change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over time

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

energy is released and can power cellular activities.

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

oxygen

Examine the figure below. Assume each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution. Over time, the solution level on the left side of the figure would ________, while the solution level on the right side of the figure would ________. This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is ________, while the solution on the right side of the figure is

rise; decrease; hypertonic; hypotonic

Which term best describes the sugar in a sugar-water solution?

solute

The pH scale measures the

the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Fossil evidence indicates that the first members of The Genius homo arose in Africa approximately

2 to 3 million yrs ago

Which of the following is not a mode of natural selection?

Dormant selection

Speciation occurs in the absence of genetic divergence

False

sympatric speciation

Occurs when a new species emerges from a population in the absence of a geographical barrier

Which of the following statements about the process of science is accurate?

Science is a systematic method of procedures designed to answer questions by evaluating evidence.

Evolutionary changes occur when natural selection acts upon populations containing individuals with genetic differences

True

The domain eukaryotic encompasses the traditional four kingdoms of protista, plantar, fungi, and animalia

True

Whales have tiny thighbones embedded in the skin next to their pelvis. This is an example of

Vestigial structure

A solution with a pH of 3 is

acidic

Which of the following types of organisms are single-celled (unicellular)?

bacteria, yeast, and many protozoans

Photosynthesis takes place inside a specialized organelle called a

chloroplasts

The enzymes needed to perform photosynthesis in plant cells are closely associated with the membranes in

chloroplasts

This subatomic particle is found outside the nucleus of the atom.

electron

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve endings. These chemicals are often large and unable to pass through the membrane, so the cell packages them in a vesicle that can fuse with the plasma membrane. The inside of the vesicle opens to the outside of the cell, releasing the neurotransmitters into the gap. This type of transport of cellular products is called

exocytosis

Individual water molecules orient toward each other because of the covalent bonds that form between them.

false

It is correct to say that vaccines cause autism.

false

Nucleotides are the building blocks of proteins.

false

Streptococcus pyogenes can cause a bacterial infection of the throat. Since the bacterium lacks a nucleus or membrane-encased organelles, Streptococcus pyogenes is a eukaryotic cell type.

false

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as anabolic reactions.

false

When calcium (Ca++) and chloride (Cl-) interact with one another, they bond using peptide bonds.

false

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

glucose

The three stages of cellular respiration (in order) are

glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Water:

has same amount of OH- ions and H+ ions in solution

Phospholipids are large organic molecules with a hydrophilic, polar phosphate head connected to hydrophobic, nonpolar fatty acid tails. These molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment by lining up

hydrophobic tails facing each other at the center line of the membrane with the hydrophilic heads facing outward, away from the center line of the membrane.

Ross buys a bunch of small, round, red radishes at the grocery store; they are on sale because they have been sitting in the produce aisle for a while. When he gets home he notices their texture is not as crisp and crunchy as he would like. Ross's friend recommends that he refrigerate them in a bowl of water overnight. The next day the radishes are crisp and crunchy again. The most likely explanation of why they became crunchy again after soaking in water is that the water was ________ to the radish cells it contained. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes ________ the radish cells, ________ the turgor pressure inside of the cells.

hypotonic; into; increasing

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a single membrane continuous with the nuclear envelope and a series of interconnected sacs throughout the cell. Why might it be beneficial to the cell for the ER to be continuous with the nuclear envelope? It might be beneficial for the ER and nuclear envelope to be connected because it Correct!

is easier for messages to get from the nucleus to the ER where proteins and lipids are made for the cell; this would require the use of less energy.

Scientists repeat their experiments over and over again because they

must make sure the results were not accidents and that they are repeatable.

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions

require no oxygen

If a bottle of perfume was spilled in the corner of a large lecture hall, the students sitting near that corner of the room would very quickly smell the perfume. Over time, the students sitting in the far corner of the room would smell the perfume. What phenomenon has occurred to the perfume molecules that have entered the air?

simple diffusion

Once supported by a predictable experimental outcome, a scientific hypothesis

still cannot be considered to have been proven true.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and relatively balanced, but early history of life on Earth showed increasing oxygen concentrations. This indicates that

the amount of photosynthesis occurring exceeded the amount of cellular respiration.

A screen door allows breezes to enter and aromas to exit but keeps out insects. Its function most resembles

the plasma membrane.

Ionic bonding is :

the process of donating and borrowing electrons between two atoms

Carbon dioxide is one product of a metabolic process, which occurs in both plants and animals. This process is called respiration.

true

Scientific literacy is an understanding of the basics of science and the scientific process. Enables us to make informed decisions about the world around us and enables us to communicate our knowledge to others.

true