Biology Final Exam (Chapter 2)

Inert gases are super reactive.

False

Compounds formed along a metabolic pathway, with no function per se are called

Metabolites

why is the field of proteomics, so important in medicine and biology?

Proteomics is important in medicine because - pharmaceutical companies can find drugs to stop certain proteins from having effect on organisms - when they can cause a certain disorder - biology : can produce proteins that are not made in organisms and then make them react with others to stop it from causing disorders - can help distinguish differences in protein structure/ function between species or control vs. diseases states as well.

Some disorders are due to a mutation/alteration in the sequence of amino acids; one such disorder is

Sickle cell anemia

Fats that are liquid at room temperature are known as oils.

True

The basic structure of an amino acid contains? a) alpha carbon, amino group, R group, and carboxyl group. b) alpha carbon, amino group, R group and carbonyl group. c) alpha carbon, phosphate group, R group and carboxyl group d) alpha carbon, phosphate group, R group and carbonyl group e) none of the above

a

Glycogen is a polymer of __________ that is important to _______. a) fatty acids, animal stored energy. b) glucose, animal stored energy. c) amino acids, animal stored energy d) glucose, plant stored energy e) fructose, plant stored energy

b

The beta pleated sheet is characterized by orientation of ________ the molecular axis a) H bonds parallel to b) H bonds perpendicular to c) ionic bonds parallel to d) ionic bonds perpendicular to e) peptide bonds perpendicular to

b

The bonds between sugar molecules are called? a) Hydrogen Bonds b) Glycosidic Bonds c) metallic bonds d) high yield bonds

b

Where are hydrophobic interactions most likely to occur? a) on the surface of a water-soluble protein b) the core of a water-soluble protein c) in contact with water molecules d) between two charged molecules e) between two ions

b

why do sugars tend to be highly water soluble? a) because they have only a few hydroxyl groups b) because of their large numbers of hydroxyl groups c) because of their large numbers of sulfhydryl groups d) because of their large numbers of methyl groups e) because of their small molecular weights

b

The low-molecular weight building blocks of polymers are called a) minipolymers b) monoblocks c) monomers d) portions e) octamers

c

What kind of bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons? a) ionic bond b) H bond c) Polar covalent bond d) nonpolar covalent bond e) b and d

c

which interaction is the most important in enhancing the solubility of macromolecules in water? a) hydrophobic interactions b) nonpolar covalent bonds c) H bonds d) van der waals forces e) Both hydrophobic interactions and non polar covalent bonds

c

Conformational orientation of polypeptides that describe the interactions between protein subunits are called: a) primary structure b) secondary structure c) tertiary structure d) quarternary structure e) multi- unit complex.

d

Individual amino acids are termed ______ once they are part of the polypeptide chain a) precursors b) ions c) polymers d) residues e) ketoses

d

The higher order structure of DNA shows symmetry, whereas the higher order structures of most proteins do not. Why isn't protein shape more regular than DNA? a) DNA has one main function proteins have many b) the different R-groups on proteins confer many different shapes c) some amino acids cause proteins to bend, other to flatten. d) all of the above

d

The most stable atoms and thus those that are typically nonreactive are atoms that have a) equal numbers of electrons and protons. b) equal numbers of electrons and neutrons. c) full inner shells. d) full outer shells. e) all covalent bonds.

d

Fats that are solid at room temperature. Which phrase/word below describing their fatty acid chains is correct? a) no double bonds b) pack tightly together c) possess double bonds d) unable to pack together tightly e) a and b

e

which of the groups below is capable of only hydrophobic interactions?

only carbon and hydrogen bonds

enantiomers, 2 molecules that can not be superimposed but have the same chemical composition, are also known as...

sterioisomers

Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds.

true

Lipids are a diverse group of non-polar molecules

true

The primary sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its higher order conformation.

true