Biology Final Part 6

143. The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Eubacteria is: a. the lack of a nuclear envelope in the Archaea. b. the absence of the 70S ribosomes in the Eubacteria. c. the presence of a single filament flagellum in the Eubacteria. d. the small subunit (16 S) rRNA sequence. e. All of the above.

d. the small subunit (16 S) rRNA sequence.

150. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Which of the following cellular structures are shared by bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes? a. Plasma membrane b. Nuclear envelope c. Membrane-bound organelles d. Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan e. Linear chromosomes

a. Plasma membrane

158. Trypanosomes are eukaryotes that are currently classified in the SuperClade a. Superclade I: Excavata b. Superclade II: S.A.R. c. Superclade III: Archaeplastida d. Superclade IV: Unikonta

a. Superclade I: Excavata

159. Which organisms are capable of producing a "red tide", secreting a nerve agent toxic to humans? a. dinoflagellates b. chrysophytes (diatoms) c. sporozoans d. euglenids e. red algae

a. dinoflagellates

144. The first indication that Archaea were different from the Eubacteria came from: a. the absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea. b. Ribosome size. c. 16 S rRNA sequence. d. nuclei. e. response to antibiotics.

a. the absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea.

154. Entamoeba histolytica, a parasite that is the causative agent of Amoebic Dysentery, crawls through the small intestine of its victims via pseudopod formation. Based on this information, Entamoeba histolytica is a member of the clade a. Euglenozoa b. Amoebozoa c. Alveolata d. Stramenopila

b. Amoebozoa

164. Which parasitic protist has 2 haploid nuclei, 2 pairs of flagella, remnants of mitochondrial genes (but no intact mitochondria) and lives and reproduces in the small intestines of mammals? a. Chara b. Giaridia c. Amoeba d. Stentor e. Volvox

b. Giaridia

160. The mitochondria of eukaryotic cells most likely arose as a result of endosymbiosis between a eukaryotic cell and a a. Cyanobacteria (Blue-green bacteria). b. Gram (-) bacterium like Rickettsia. c. Gram (+) bacterium like Bacillus d. Gram (-) bacterium like E. coli e. Spiral bacteria like spirochaetes

b. Gram (-) bacterium like Rickettsia.

153. Which of the following is true about Radiolarans? a. They cause periodic red tides, poisoning shellfish and the people who eat the shellfish b. They capture prey through the use of thread-like pseudopods c. They have a test (shell) of calcium carbonate (chalk) d. B and c e. All of the above

b. They capture prey through the use of thread-like pseudopods

146. Gram-positive bacteria stain _____ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of _____ in their cell walls a. green; peptidoglycan b. purple; peptidoglycan c. green; cellulose d. purple; polysaccharides e. red; polysaccharides

b. purple; peptidoglycan

167. Which example below is a characteristic shared by all excavates (diplomonads and parabasalids): a. Both lack nuclei. b. Both are adapted to anaerobic environments. c. Both lack, or have highly reduced, mitochondria. d. Both have a single flagellum. e. Both have two nuclei and 4 flagella

c. Both lack, or have highly reduced, mitochondria.

162. Molecular data in support of endosymbiosis indicates that chloroplasts are highly similar to __________ that may have been engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryote over a billion year ago. a. mitochondria b. euglenids c. cyanobacteria d. ciliates e. dinoflagellates

c. cyanobacteria

157. The parasitic protist that causes malaria, Plasmodium, must spend part of its life cycle in a nonhuman host. What organism(s) serve(s) as the vector for this life cycle? a. rats b. sand flies c. mosquitos d. leeches e. tse-tse flies

c. mosquitos

151. What type of protists have formed massive deposits of chalk, as seen in the White Cliffs of Dover? a. Diatoms b. Dinoflagellates c. Alveolates (Ciliates) d. Cercozoans (Forams) e. Euglenas

d. Cercozoans (Forams)

156. Protists like ________________ represent an intermediate stage in eukaryotic evolution when cells each had two haploid nuclei but fusion to become a true diploid organism had not occurred. a. Plasmodium b. Amoeba c. Euglena d. Giardia e. Paramecium

d. Giardia

147. Which of the following groups of prokaryotes contains the genus Clostridium, responsible for the human diseases tetanus and botulism? a. Spirochetes b. Cyanobacteria c. Methanogens d. Gram Positive Eubacteria e. Proteobacteria

d. Gram Positive Eubacteria

145. Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by a. an efficient water pump. b. a tough cell membrane. c. pumping large quantities of salts into the cell. d. a rigid cell wall. e. a stiff capsule.

d. a rigid cell wall.

161. In paramecium and stentor, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hairlike _____: a. pili b. pseudopods c. flagella d. cilia e. trichomes

d. cilia

152. Pseudopods are used by the members of clade Amoebozoa for ingesting food as well as for: a. reproduction. b. excretion. c. digestion. d. movement. e. avoiding predation.

d. movement.

166. Evidence that Chara is the direct ancestor of all land plants includes a. the mechanism of cell wall synthesis in Chara and all land plants b. the presence of vascular tissue in Chara and all land plants c. the presence of homologous chloroplasts (chlorophylls a and b, as well as accessory pigments) in Chara and all land plants d. the presence of a cuticle in in Chara and all land plants e. A and C only.

e. A and C only.

165. Evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory (Margulis, 1967) includes a. similarity between bacterial size and the size of mitochondria and chloroplasts b. the presence of a single circular chromosome in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts c. reproduction by binary fission in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts d. 70S ribosomes in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts e. All of the above provides evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory.

e. All of the above provides evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory.

149. Which of the following groups of prokaryotes might be found in the Great Salt Lake, the Red Sea, the Dead Sea, but NOT necessarily in the ocean? a. Cyanobacteria b. Methanogens c. Gram Positive Eubacteria d. Proteobacteria. e. Extreme Halophiles

e. Extreme Halophiles

148. Which of the following groups of prokaryotes in the figure above contains the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, responsible for the human ulcers, and E. coli, beneficial intestinal bacteria in humans? a. Thermophiles b. Cyanobacteria c. Methanogens d. Gram Positive Eubacteria e. Proteobacteria

e. Proteobacteria

155. A commercially important unicellular protist whose silica shells are used in filters, polishes, toothpaste and various industrial processes are the: a. dinoflagellates. b. euglenoids. c. apicomplexans. d. zooflagellates. e. diatoms.

e. diatoms.

163. Euglena and dinoflagellates show Secondary Endosymbiosis in that a. they have both mitochondria and chloroplasts b. they have two lipid bilayers around their mitochondria c. they have chloroplasts, but they are non-functional d. they have two lipid bilayers around their chloroplasts e. they have three lipid bilayers around their chloroplasts.

e. they have three lipid bilayers around their chloroplasts.