Biology honors chapter 8 section 1

What is a granum?

A stack of thylakoids is called a granum

What is an autotroph?

Any organism that can convert inorganic molecules into energy

How is ATP stored?

Energy is stored in the bonds and when these bonds break energy is released. HERE

What is the basic equation for photosynthesis?

HERE

Identify the parts of a Thylakoid and it's surroundings

HERE In summary, Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which have an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Stacks of thylakoids called grana form a third membrane layer.

Compare light-dependent reactions and the calvin cycle

HERE Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, uses energy derived from these compounds to make GA3P from CO2.

Describe the process of photosynthesis?

HERE Photosynthesis uses solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce energy-storing carbohydrates. Oxygen is generated as a waste product of photosynthesis.

Where does Photosynthesis take place in autotrophic eukaryotes?

In all autotrophic eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside an organelle called a chloroplast. For plants, chloroplast-containing cells exist in the mesophyll. Starch accumalates in the chloroplasts.

what happens during photosynthesis?

In photosynthesis the energy of sunlight is captured and used to energize electrons, which are then stored in the covalent bonds of sugar molecules.

Where does Photosynthesis take place in prokaryotes?

In prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, the process of photosynthesis is less localized and occurs within folded membranes, extensions of the plasma membrane, and in the cytoplasm.

What takes place in a light dependent reaction?

In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and that energy is converted into stored chemical energy.

What takes place in an light-independent reactions?

In the light-independent reactions, the chemical energy harvested during the light-dependent reactions drive the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide. In addition, several enzymes of the light-independent reactions are activated by light. This is also referred to as the Calvin cycle.

what are photoautotrophs?

Photoautotrophs use light to manufacture their own food, plants are photoautotrophs.

What are energy carriers?

The light-dependent reactions utilize certain molecules to temporarily store the energy: These are referred to as energy carriers. The energy carriers that move energy from light-dependent reactions to light-independent reactions can be thought of as "full" because they are rich in energy. After the energy is released, the "empty" energy carriers return to the light-dependent reaction to obtain more energy.

What is a stroma?

The liquid-filled space surrounding the granum is called stroma or "bed"

What is a Thylakoid Lumen?

The thylakoid membrane encloses an internal space called the thylakoid lumen.

What are thylakoids?

Within the chloroplast are stacked, disc-shaped structures called thylakoids. Embedded in the thylakoid membrane is chlorophyll, and numerous proteins that make up the electron transport chain.

what is Chlorophyll?

a specialized pigment that absorbs certain portions of the visible spectrum and can capture energy from sunlight. Its responsible for the initial interaction between light and plant material.

What are chemoautotrophs?

chemoautotrophs are a very interesting group of bacteria synthesize sugars, not by using sunlight's energy, but by extracting energy from inorganic chemical compounds

What are heterotrophs?

heterotrophs ("other feeders"), must rely on the sugars produced by photosynthetic organisms for their energy needs.