Biology I - Chap 12 pt 1
Around 1950, the hypothesis that proteins were the genetic material was backed up by what evidence?
associated with chromosomes contain 20 different amino acids for variety of information
The process of copying a DNA molecule so that there are two copies of the same DNA is called DNA
replication
During the 1940s, scientists considered what two molecules most likely to be genetic material?
DNA and protein
The synthesis of new DNA double helix molecules from a pre-existing parent molecule is called _______.
DNA replication
There is a point on a replicating prokaryotic or eukaryotic DNA strand at which separation of the strands occurs to allow for enzyme activity. What is it called?
Replication fork
The term that refers to the strands of a DNA molecule being oriented in opposite directions is_________.
antiparallel
An opening in eukaryotic DNA, containing two forks at the site of replication is called a replication ______.
bubble
The building blocks of DNA are
nucleotides
DNA replication produces a resulting daughter DNA that consists of one parent strand and one daughter strand. DNA replication is referred to as
semiconservative replication
Which of the following are characteristics of the genetic material that early scientists were seeking?
storage of genetic information able to undergo mutations a stable molecule
Select the characteristics that the genetic material must be able to store information for.
structure, metabolic activities, development
In Griffith's experiment, R strain bacteria acquired a substance from the S strain bacteria. The R strain bacteria was changed or
transformed
True or false: The DNA double helix is made up of one older strand and one newer strand.
true
The hypothesis among scientists in the 1950's was that proteins were the genetic material because proteins can contain up to _____.
20 amino acids
DNA nucleotides come in_____ different varieties.
4
Which of the following are components of a nucleotide?
5-carbon sugar, nitrogen-containing base, phosphate
The amount of A, T, G, and C varies by species. Within a species the amount of A = T, and G = C. These are _____ rules.
Chargaff's
The two pyrimidine bases are:
Cytosine and Thymine
The two purines bases in DNA are:
Adenine and Guanine
Who first demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material?
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty
What is the best explanation as to why the number of adenines in an organism's DNA is equal to its number of thymines?
Because adenine pairs with thymine in DNA
Which of the following are similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?
Both are semiconservative, Both involve DNA polymerase, Both result in 2 copies from one parent molecule, Both happen from the 5' to 3' direction
Which bacteriologist jump-started the search for DNA in the 1920s?
Frederick Griffith
According to the Watson and Crick model, DNA has all of the following characteristics:
G is bonded with C, antiparallel, and A is bonded to T
Which of the following are steps in DNA replication?
Joining nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, Unwinding the DNA double helix, Complementary base pairing
Which of the following are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?
Prokaryotes have only one origin of replication, the prokaryotic genome is replicated much faster than the eukaryotic genome
Which two of the following summarize Chargaff's rules about DNA?
Within a species, the number of guanine equals the number of cytosine, and the number of thymine equals the number of adenine. The amount of A, T, G, and C in DNA varies between species.
The genetic material must have the characteristic of being able to store genetic____________ about development, cell structure, and metabolism.
information
The original parent strand from which a complementary strand is made is called the
template
