biology lab 2 text
11. Of the following organisms, which is the most evolutionarily advanced, with more complex body structure? A. roundworms B. cnidaria C. sponges D. comb jellies
a
39. Which statement is NOT true about the pressure-flow model of phloem transport? A. Water is actively transported into phloem. B. Phloem sap moves at a rate of 60 to 300 cm per hour. C. Pressure is created in the phloem by the buildup of water and sugar. D. Sugar produced by photosynthesis is actively transported into phloem cells. E. Sugar is actively transported out of the phloem at a sink area such as the root.
a
45. Plant species are _______ when the male and female reproductive parts are on different individuals of the same species. A. dioecious B. monoecious C. tetraploid D. bryophytes
a
45. Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by A. a water vascular system that regulates water pressure. B. cilia transporting hemolymph from chamber to chamber. C. sticky threads leading from the mouth and primitive brain. D. actin and myosin fibers that slide and give muscle actions to the five arms or "rays."
a
47. Which statement is NOT true about echinoderms? A. The exoskeleton is made of spiny plates. B. Gas exchange occurs through skin gills and tube feet. C. Larvae are free-swimming and bilaterally symmetrical. D. A water vascular system allows the tube feet to produce suction. E. Symmetry is radial in the adult, usually with parts in fives or multiples of five.
a
29. The first plants to colonize land were the A. gametophytes. B. bryophytes. C. pteridophytes. D. lycophytes. E. B and C are correct.
b
34. Bee pollinated flowers A. are red. B. are predominately blue or yellow. C. have little odor. D. All of the choices apply.
b
38. In the pressure-flow model of phloem transport, the sink is normally A. the stem. B. the roots. C. xylem. D. lenticels.
b
39. The dominant plants in modern times are the A. gymnosperms. B. angiosperms. C. club mosses. D. ferns.
b
39. Which of these parasitic worms is NOT a nematode? A. Ascaris B. Schistosoma C. Wuchereria D. pinworms E. Trichinella
b
42. Most animal species are in which phylum? A. Mollusca B. Arthropoda C. Chordata D. Echinodermata E. Annelida
b
43. Many plants are totipotent, which means A. they are capable of providing their own nutrition, requiring no external nutritional sources. B. the cell has the genetic capability of becoming an entire plant. C. they are incapable of dividing to produce daughter cells. D. they are metabolically inactive, existing in a state of dormancy.
b
12. The only animal in which digestion occurs within cells is A. comb jellies. B. flatworms. C. sponges. D. cnidarians.
c
18. Flower buds develop from A. axillary buds only. B. apical meristem in the shoot only. C. the same buds as leaves only. D. either axillary buds or apical buds.
d
9. Soil consists of A. a mixture of soil particles of different sizes. B. both living organisms and decaying organic material. C. air and water. D. All of these are components that define soil. E. A and B only are found in soil.
d
9. The microspore develops into a A. megasporocyte. B. female gametophyte. C. microsporocyte. D. male gametophyte. E. zygote.
d
14. The anther and filament are parts of the A. pistil. B. sepal. C. receptacle. D. petal. E. stamen.
e
38. Ferns are used A. by florists to augment bouquets. B. for medicinal purposes. C. as fertilizers in rice paddies. D. as food in many different places across the world. E. All of the above are true.
e
2. All of the following are nonvascular plants EXCEPT A. lycophytes. B. liverworts. C. mosses. D. hornworts.
a
2. If there is only one egg in the ovule, why are two sperm needed for fertilization? A. One sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm unites with the central cell nuclei to form endosperm. B. Only one is needed; after one fertilizes the egg, the other disintegrates. C. Both unite the central cell to form triploid endosperm. D. Both unite with the egg, forming both a zygote and endosperm.
a
21. If you cut a herbaceous stem and observe fluids continually seeping upward and out of the cut, it is most likely due to A. root pressure. B. turgor pressure. C. active transport by phloem. D. tension caused by transpiration. E. cohesion to the xylem walls.
a
21. Ovules are contained within the A. ovary. B. stigma. C. anther. D. filament. E. style.
a
23. Human tapeworm infections occur by A. eating insufficiently cooked infected pork or beef. B. being bitten by a mosquito. C. ingesting eggs in contaminated water. D. eating freshly peeled fruit. E. All of the choices are correct.
a
26. Molecular data suggests that hornworts, liverworts, and mosses A. share common ancestry but do not form a monophyletic group. B. do not share common ancestry and form a polyphyletic group. C. share common ancestry, but form a monophyletic group. D. None of the above are true.
a
26. Rhizobium bacteria live in root nodules and A. fix atmospheric nitrogen to NH4+ to build organic compounds. B. fix carbon dioxide so that the carbon may be used to build glucose. C. increase the surface area, thereby increasing the water absorbing capacity of the plant's roots. D. All of the above are true. E. A and C only are true.
a
26. The organism pictured at right is A. radially symmetric. B. bilaterally symmetric. C. asymmetric. D. None of the above are correct.
a
28. Which of the following statements about fruits is NOT true? A. A blackberry is an example of a simple fruit. B. A fleshy fruit has a fleshy pericarp, as in a peach. C. Most fruits are simple fruits, derived from a single ovary. D. A dry fruit may split at maturity to release its seeds, as a pea or bean pod. E. A multiple fruit, such as a pineapple, forms from many individual flowers on a stem.
a
3. Which plant structure is mismatched? A. archegonia—produce sperm B. rhizome—horizontal underground stem C. sepals—protect the budding flower D. cuticle—prevent water loss
a
32. All of the following statements are true about seed germination EXCEPT A. all seeds require a period of dormancy before germinating. B. in the temperate region, seeds often require a period of cold weather before dormancy is broken. C. fleshy fruits contain inhibitors of germination. D. some seeds require fire or bacterial action before germination can occur.
a
33. Of the following, which phylum is mismatched with its plant type? A. Anthophyta—conifers B. Bryophyta—mosses C. Lycophyta—club mosses D. Pteridophyta—ferns
a
35. Asexual reproduction in the liverwort Marchantia is by means of A. the detachment of gemmae. B. budding of daughter cells. C. fragmentation of filaments of cells. D. the fusion of antheridial and archegonial products.
a
6. In deuterostomes, A. cleavage is radial and the fate of the cells is indeterminate. B. spiral cleavage occurs. C. the fate of cells is fixed and determinate. D. the mouth appears at or near the blastopore. E. B and C are correct.
a
6. Molecular data suggests that land plants evolved from A. charophytes. B. rhodophyta. C. dinoflagellates. D. the water molds. E. ciliates.
a
7. A moth-pollinated flower is likely to have A. lightly colored flowers, no landing area, and strong sweet perfume. B. white flowers with short tubes, a wide landing area, and no odor. C. blue or yellow flowers, a wide landing area, and not very much odor. D. blue or yellow flowers, a wide landing area, and no odor. E. red flowers that open in daytime, a wide landing area, and an odor resembling dead meat.
a
9. In the moss life cycle, the ______ is the dominant generation. A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte
a
1. Animals are classified according to all of the following features EXCEPT A. presence of absence of segmentation. B. mode of reproduction. C. type of body symmetry. D. number of germ layers. E. molecular data.
b
1. The name monocot and eudicot are derived from the differences in the number of A. roots. B. cotyledons. C. seeds. D. None of the choices are correct.
b
11. The structures in the outermost ring of floral structures that cover and protect the bud are A. carpels. B. sepals. C. receptacles. D. petals. E. stamens.
b
13. A derived trait of land plants is the presence of small openings that allow gaseous exchange between the plant and its environment. These structures are called A. cuticles. B. stomata. C. thallus. D. rhizoids.
b
16. All of the following statements about coral reefs are true EXCEPT A. coral reefs are formed by the slow accumulation of calcium carbonate. B. coral reefs are found in both freshwater and marine environments. C. coral reefs are formed by colonies of coral polyps housed in calcium carbonate skeletons. D. coral reefs are very productive ecosystems.
b
16. The carbon needed to build organic compounds in plants comes from _______, while the hydrogen and oxygen comes from _________. A. oxygen in the atmosphere; hydrogen peroxide B. carbon dioxide; water C. carbohydrates; hydrogen and oxygen gasses in the atmosphere D. glucose; hydrochloric acid
b
17. Which of the following is correct in matching the common name with a phylum name? A. planarian - Nematoda B. fluke - Platyhelminthes C. coral - Porifera D. roundworm - Cnidaria E. sponge - Mollusca
b
19. Which statement is NOT true about water uptake in a plant root? A. Water enters the root from the soil by osmosis. B. Water enters the cytoplasm of the root hairs by active transport. C. Water travels by diffusion through the cell walls of the epidermis and cortex. D. Water must enter the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells to get past the Casparian strip
b
25. The transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma of a carpel is A. germination. B. pollination. C. fertilization. D. coevolution.
b
27. Seeds contains all of the following EXCEPT A. an embryo sporophyte. B. sufficient water for germination. C. stored food. D. a seed coat
b
29. The function of fruit is to A. attract pollinators. B. protect and help disperse seeds. C. supply nutrients to the embryo. D. protect flower buds.Incorrect Answers: A. The function of a fruit is to protect and help disperse seeds. A flower attracts pollinators; C. The function of a fruit is to protect and help disperse seeds. The endosperm supplies nutrients to the embryo; D. The function of a fruit is to protect and help disperse seeds. Sepals protect flower buds.
b
50. Coal was formed from the remains of the A. angiosperms that are now the dominant plant life on Earth. B. seedless vascular plants from the Carboniferous Period. C. cydads that dominated the Triassic Period. D. marine algae that flourished during the Cambrian Period.
b
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common elements in plants? A. oxygen B. sulfur C. carbon D. hydrogen
b
8. All land plants have ________ life cycle(s). A. a diplontic B. an alternation of generations C. both diplontic and alternation of generations D. haplontic and alternation of generations E. haplontic, diplontic, and alternation of generations
b
8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sponges? A. If the cells of a sponge are mechanically separated, they will spontaneously reassemble into a complete and functioning sponge. B. Sponges have two tissue layers. C. Sponges have an osculum, an opening in the upper body. D. Sponges are filter feeders. E. Sponges can reproduce sexually or asexually.
b
1. Which of the following structures is a male reproductive structure? A. archegonia B. megaspore C. pollen cone D. pistil
c
10. A sponge feeds by A. acting as a net in a current that sweeps food particles into its central cavity and digests them externally. B. squeezing the spongocoel cavity and sucking debris in and out through the osculum. C. the beating of collar cells' flagellae, which form a current; the current brings food particles which are engulfed and digested by collar cells. D. the beating collar cells form a current from osculum to pores; the food is engulfed by amoebocytes in the central cavity of the sponge
c
11. Which is a correct relationship between soil particles and soil characteristics? A. Clay particles hold tight to NO3- and the nitrogen content of clay soils is therefore high. B. Clay is unable to retain Ca2+ and K+ which are easily leached away. C. Clay holds water and clumps. D. Sand prevents water erosion and leaching. E. B and D are correct.
c
15. Plants are classified in Domain A. Archaea. B. Bacteria. C. Eukarya. D. Plantae
c
16. The first fossil evidence of vascular tissue is seen in the A. green algae. B. tracheophytes. C. rhyniophytes. D. bryophytes. E. tree ferns.
c
18. Evaporation of water through the stomata of leaves is A. guttation. B. respiration. C. transpiration. D. photosynthesis.
c
22. A megasporocyte is found in the A. anther. B. stigma. C. ovule. D. filament. E. style.
c
22. A microspore develops into a(n) A. seed. B. sporophyte. C. male gametophyte. D. female gametophyte. E. ovule.
c
25. Which force pushes water into the xylem as osmosis moves water into the root? A. water stress B. atmospheric pressure C. root pressure D. guttation E. transpiration
c
28. In gymnosperms and angiosperms, seeds disperse the _________ stage of the life cycle and in mosses and ferns, spores disperse the ___________ stage of the life cycle. A. sporophyte; sporophyte B. gametophye; sporophyte C. sporophyte; gametophyte D. microsporocytes; megasporocytes
c
29. Molluscs share a three-part body plan consisting of a A. scolex, proglottids, and an anus. B. corona, stomach, and intestines. C. visceral mass, mantle, and foot. D. eyespots, digestive system, and nervous system.
c
30. Which of the following mechanisms is NOT as likely to disperse seeds at a great distance from the parent plant? A. Coconuts are carried by ocean currents. B. Squirrels bury seeds and nuts for future use. C. Seeds are dispersed as projectiles from the parent plant. D. Hooks and spines attach the seed to animal fur or human clothing. E. Seeds eaten with fruit by animals are dropped with the animals' feces.
c
31. Which of the listed organisms are NOT in phylum Mollusca? A. clams B. squids C. lobsters D. nautiluses E. snails
c
33. Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is (are) true? A. This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes. B. This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil. C. This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter. D. Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end
c
36. The organisms used in plastic surgery and in reconstructive surgery for severed digits are A. octopuses. B. polychaetes. C. leeches. D. squids. E. schistosome blood fluke.
c
37. Seedless vascular plants include all of the following EXCEPT A. club mosses—Lycopodophyta. B. horsetails—Sphenophyta. C. Sphagnum—Bryophyta. D. whisk ferns—Psilotophyta.
c
4. All of the following characteristics are among the adaptations of plants to life on land EXCEPT A. protection of the embryo from drying out. B. waxy cuticle on leaves to prevent drying out. C. waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out. D. vascular system (in most plants) to move water internally.
c
43. The major insect body parts are A. head, cephalothorax, and abdomen. B. cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen. C. head, thorax, and abdomen. D. head, prothorax, and metathorax. E. head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.
c
5. In _______, the mouth develops at or near the blastopore. A. gastrocoelomates B. blastocoelomates C. protostomes D. deuterostomes E. triploblastics
c
5. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the life cycle of flowering plants? A. The sporophyte is diploid. B. The sporophyte produces heterospores. C. The female gametophyte is the seed. D. The male gametophyte is the pollen grain. E. The female gametophyte is retained within the body of the sporophyte parent generation.
c
7. In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants, gametes are produced by the A. sporangia. B. fruit. C. gametophyte. D. homospores. E. strobili.
c
1. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for optimal plant growth because it is used to build A. nucleic acids. B. protein. C. chlorophyll. D. All of the above are correct. E. A and B only are correct.
d
10. A flower A. is the sexual reproductive organ. B. is composed of whorls of modified leaves. C. serves to attract animal pollinators. D. may contain male and female reproductive parts. E. All of the choices characterize flowers.
d
17. Which term describes the forcing out of water at the surface of a plant's leaves? A. water stress B. atmospheric pressure C. root pressure D. guttation E. transpiration
d
19. In the fern life cycle, the ______ generation is dominant. A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte
d
2. Bilaterally symmetrical animals A. tend to be active and move forward. B. tend to exhibit cephalization. C. have right and left sides when cut longitudinally. D. All of the choices are correct. E. A and C only are correct.
d
20. Seeds require _____________ for germination to occur. A. oxygen for increased metabolism B. adequate warmth C. adequate water D. All of the choices are required. E. B and C only are required.
d
21. Which of these vascular plants produce seeds? A. ferns B. club mosses C. whisk ferns D. gnetophytes E. horsetails
d
24. In the pine life cycle, A. fertilization occurs shortly after pollination to produce the zygote. B. the gametophyte generation is dominant and the sporophyte generation is inconspicuous. C. seed cones are smaller than pollen cones. D. seed cones are located near the tips of higher branches and pollen cones develop near the tips of lower branches. E. the cone is the fruit that surrounds the seeds.
d
24. The function of endosperm is to A. form the seedling. B. develop into the fruit. C. provide water to the embryo. D. provide nutrients to the embryo. E. provide a protective coating for the embryo.
d
27. If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local shellfish because of high levels of toxins, even though you may be able to drink the water taken from the same source. Why? A. Shellfish seasonally produce toxic substances. B. Shellfish regularly consume poisonous red tide organisms. C. Most harmless native clams have been replaced by bad species. D. Shellfish filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.
d
28. Which statement is NOT true about stomata? A. As guard cells become turgid, the stomates open. B. There are two guard cells around each stomate. C. Guard cells take up potassium ions and water enters the guard cells. D. The blue light component of sunlight is a signal that can cause stomata to close. E. Stomates open and close on a daily basis, even if kept in the dark, on a circadian rhythm.
d
34. Among adaptations of plants to a terrestrial environment are all of the following adaptations EXCEPT A. a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissue. B. a cuticle to prevent water loss from exposed parts of the plant. C. stomata to regulate gas exchange with the atmosphere. D. All of the choices are adaptations. E. B and C only are correct.
d
35. Which of the following is NOT a simple fruit? A. peach B. pea C. rice D. pineapple
d
36. Bryophytes A. can be found from the Antartic to the tropics. B. produce peat that can be used as fuel. C. erode rocks to produce soil. D. All of the above choices are true regarding bryophytes. E. A and C only are true.
d
37. Monocots protect their first true leaves by __________, whereas eudicots protect their first leaves by __________. A. bending the coleorhiza as the shoot grows through the soil; a surrounding sheath called the coleoptile. B. providing a protective layer called sepals; surrounding them with endosperm. C. bending their shoot as it grows through the soil; surrounding them with a protective sheath called the coleorhiza. D. surrounding them with a sheath called a coleoptile; bending the shoot as it grows through the soil.
d
37. Roundworms and arthropods are both ecdysozoans. This means they A. have a trochophore larvae. B. have a body cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm. C. have the anus arise at or near the blastopore. D. periodically shed their outer covering. E. Both B and C are true.
d
4. Which of these typically occur in both angiosperms and gymnosperms? A. Seeds develop within a cone. B. Seeds develop within a flower. C. Seeds are surrounded by a fruit at maturity. D. Pollen is carried by the wind for pollination. E. Pollen is carried by animal pollinators.
d
4. Which statement concerning body symmetry is not correct? A. In radial symmetry, two identical halves are obtained regardless of how the animal is sliced longitudinally. B. The evolution of bilateral symmetry is accompanied by cephalization. C. Asymmetrical animals have no body shape. D. Bilaterally symmetric animals are usually sessile. E. Radial symmetry is useful because the animals can reach out in all directions.
d
40. Products of pine trees include A. turpentine. B. wood for construction. C. tea and pine nuts. D. All of the above.
d
40. Which of these parasites does NOT enter the mouth of its human host and leave as eggs with the human feces? A. tapeworm B. pinworm C. Ascaris D. Wuchereria
d
41. Elephantiasis is an enlargement of legs, arms, scrotum, and other tissues caused by A. an infection of the human coelom by Ascaris. B. a large number of Trichinella worms encysting in our muscles. C. contracting a disease that usually occurs in elephants. D. microscopic roundworms that reproduce and clog lymph glands, causing limbs to swell. E. a protozoan that lives in tropical roundworms and, when ingested by humans, causes muscles to bloat.
d
42. The transpiration rate in plants is increased by A. wind. B. elevated temperature. C. increased sunlight intensity. D. All of the choices increase the rate of transpiration.
d
5. Advantages of growing plants by water culture or hydroponics include all of the following EXCEPT A. pests and diseases are eliminated. B. there is no competition from weeds. C. water is reused and very little is lost through evaporation and runoff. D. Minerals are not required for the healthy growth of plants. E. B and D only are correct.
d
5. As plants invaded the land, there was A. greater availability of light for photosynthesis. B. greater concentrations of carbon dioxide. C. increased threat of desiccation of unprotected cells. D. All of the above. E. A and C only are true.
d
8. Soil formation is due to A. decomposition of organic matter. B. mechanical weathering of bedrock. C. chemical weathering of rock. D. All of the choices are correct.
d
12. Pollen grains are formed in _________ and ova are formed in ____________. A. pistil; stamens B. sepals; calyx C. receptacles; peduncles D. petals; corolla E. stamens; carpel
e
20. Plant cells A. actively transport water into the cell. B. allow the entry of all minerals equally. C. actively transport some mineral ions into the cell. D. actively concentrate minerals up to 10,000 times as much as is in the soil. E. C and D are correct.
e
23. Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces A. a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus. B. a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm. C. a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote. D. a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm. E. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
e
24. Which force is responsible for moving water up to the tops of the trees? A. water stress B. atmospheric pressure C. root pressure D. guttation E. transpiration
e
27. Characteristics of dicots include all EXCEPT A. two cotyledons. B. leaves with netted veins. C. woody or herbaceous plants. D. flower parts in fours and fives. E. vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.
e
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all animals? A. Animals are heterotrophic by ingestion or absorption. B. Animals produce gametes by meiosis. C. Animals digest their food internally. D. Animals are multicelluar eukaryotes. E. The adult form is diploid in an alternation of generation life cycle.
e
30. Which of these is a bivalve? A. slug B. octopus C. earthworm D. snail E. oyster
e
32. Evolution of plants was marked by which of the following events? A. nourishment of a multicellular embryo within the body of the female plant B. the development of vascular tissues to conduct water and solutes throughout the body of the plant C. seed production D. flowers produced E. All of the choices are correct.
e
35. To which phylum do leeches belong? A. Mollusca B. Arthropoda C. Chordata D. Echinodermata E. Annelida
e
38. Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms? A. There are three layers of tissues in the body. B. Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan. C. There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom. D. Roundworms have a smooth unsegmented outside body wall. E. Roundworms are all parasitic.
e
6. Angiosperms have two separate gametophytes because A. this is normal for alternation of generations. B. one can survive and fertilize without the need for external water. C. the microgametophyte is haploid and the megagametophyte is diploid. D. these two structures allow fertilization without the need for external water. E. this is normal for all sexually reproducing plants, where sperm are produced by microgametophytes and eggs by megagametophytes.
e