Biology lecture exam 2
Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?
color blindness
What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?
connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________
corpus callosum
Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
decreased heart rate
The amount of light that impinges on the retina is primarily regulated by the ________.
iris
The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the ________
limbic system
A disease that led to the degeneration and death of nerves composed of the peripheral nervous system would lead to which the following symptoms
loss of voluntary muscle control
An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.
middle ear
The state of continuous partial muscle contractions is known as ________
muscle tone
According to the sliding filament theory, how does muscle contraction occur?
myosin heads create cross bridges and pull thin filaments, causing them to slide
What is released by axon terminals into the synaptic cleft to stimulate a muscle to contract?
neurotransmitter
Sensory receptors that respond to tissue-damaging stimuli or stimuli that have the potential to damage tissue are called ________.
nociceptors
The ________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers.
perineurium
The hypothalamus regulates the ________.
pituitary gland
The perception of the position of one's joints and limbs is called ________
proprioception
The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________
sarcolemma
The ________ is a saclike membranous network that surrounds each myofibril.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to _______
store adipose tissue
________ is the property of skeletal muscle whereby an increase in the frequency of action potentials enhances the force developed by the muscle cell.
summation
Glial cells
support neurons by supplying nutrients
We have often heard not to go for a swim after eating a large meal; we need to give our food time to digest before exercising. Which divisions are competing for control?
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
the functional type of joint with the least amount of mobility.
synarthrosis
Following the visual pathway into the brain, where does the nerve impulse travel upon leaving the optic tracts?
thalamus
What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex?
thalamus
While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________.
abduction
Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted?
action potential
A decrease in the amplitude of a receptor potential in the presence of a continuing stimulus is called ________
adaptation
What is covered by the endomysium?
an individual muscle cell
What is required to form a cross bridge between a myosin head and an actin filament?
calcium ions and ATP
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.
canaliculi
What part of the brain is highly developed in animals that have finely tuned balance and complex coordination?
cerebellum
the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain.
optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
What is housed in a lacuna of compact bone tissue?
osteocyte
somatic sensation
pain, touch, propioception
Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?
parathyroid hormone pth
The loss of dopamine leading to motor symptoms, including tremors, rigidity, and slowed movements, is thought to underlie
parkinson's disease
the environment that is most likely to produce an action potential in a neuron.
a depolarizing neuron
bones
are living organs with multiple tissue types and multiples cell types
Which of these neuroglial cells contributes to the structure of the blood-brain barrier?
astrocytes
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________
brain stem
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.
broca's area
What does collagen contribute as a component of bone?
flexibility
Which portion of the retina contains a concentration of cones?
fovea centralis
A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged
frontal lobe
A smooth, sustained contraction, with no evidence of relaxation, is called ________.
fused, or complete tetanus
In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system ________.
has a chain of 2 motor neurons
If the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti are damaged, what sense is impaired?
hearing
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
Mr. Green has been prescribed a pair of convex corrective lens; this outcome leads you to conclude he was diagnosed with ________
hyperopia
Which word best describes the thalamus?
the processor
What determines where bone matrix will be remodeled
the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood
The ability to detect the direction from which a sound originates is determined by ________.
the time of delay between that sound reaching the right and left cochlea
Without the protein myosin, a muscle would lack
thick filaments
Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________
vestibule
Which nerves dominate parasympathetic division activities?
craniosacral nerves
________ is a condition where light, originating a short distance from the eye, is focused behind the retina
hyperopia
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.
hypothalamus
What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, ligaments, and articular cartilage with an articular capsule?
synovial joint
How does the formation of a bony callus assist with the process of bone healing after a fracture?
the bony callus is made of spongy bone, which replaces the fibrocartilage callus
Which of the following statements about summation and tetanus is FALSE?
the maximum tension developed is treppe