Biology Midterm
Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?
. chloroplast
Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed?
A substrate must bind to an active site of the enzyme.
Which of the following is essential to proper functioning of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
ATP
the movement of ions against a concentration gradient to an area of higher concentration. Which molecule provides the energy needed for this movement to occur in a cell?
ATP
Which statement best describes a direct role of ATP in a paramecium?
ATP provides the energy to move cilia.
Which statement describes the formation of a protein molecule?
Amino acids combine to form a protein chain.
The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon?
C=_C=_C
Carbon can combine with many different elements but frequently combines with oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen to form organic molecules. Which statement best explains why carbon is able to form a large number of different molecules?
Carbon can form four covalent bonds
Which characteristic allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms?
Carbon can form four covalent bonds
Cells are largely made of organic compounds that contain carbon. Which property of the carbon atom makes it an essential component of organic compounds?
Carbon can form four covalent bonds.
Life functions are performed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions?
Cell
Which characteristic of life is best shown by this diagram?
Changes occur in an organism as it grows and develops.
Which characteristic is shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Contain genetic material
Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.
A scientist studies two unicellular organisms under a microscope. Which of these statements is a testable hypothesis?
If a nutrient is added to the slide both organisms will move toward it.
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. When a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the pH to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. Which initial effect would most likely be caused by a change in pH?
It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.
Which of the following is the sequence of steps in the scientific method?
Make observations, Form a hypothesis, Collect and analyze data, Draw conclusions, Communicate results.
Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?
Monomers are linked to form a polymer
Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds.
Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?
The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.
Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?
The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleicacid stores genetic information.
Which statement best explains why these cells have structural differences?
The cells have different functions.
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at different temperatures.Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63°C?
The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.
Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
The need for a source of energy
Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
The presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation?
The reaction required an input of energy.
A plant cell uses the molecules in the list to synthesize a protein. What role do theATP molecules play in the protein synthesis process?
They provide energy.
Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?
They use energy to function.
Trees are typically able to transport water from their roots to their stems and leaves. Which statement describes the property of water that most supports the transportation of water to all parts of a tree?
Water has strong attractions to itself and many other molecules.
Which statement is a testable hypothesis?
When cows are startled, they will run.
Which statement best describes a relationship between enzymes and a simple biological reaction?
Which statement best describes a relationship between enzymes and a simple biological reaction?
The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin's function?
a medicine that affects pH
Plants are dependent on water. In most plants, water is absorbed by the roots and then moves up the stem of the plant and into the leaves by capillary action. Which properties of water are most responsible for the capillary action in plants?
adhesion and cohesion
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme involved in the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form a molecule that dissolves well in the liquid part of blood. How does carbonic anhydrase affect this reaction?
by decreasing the amount of energy needed to complete the reaction
Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals?
chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis.
The opening of the stomata allows water to evaporate from inside the leaf in a process known as transpiration. As this occurs, water molecules cling to one another and pull water in a continuous stream up the stem of the plant from the roots to the leaves. Which property of water makes this movement possible?
cohesion
A scientist observes a single-celled organism with several long, whip-like tails. Which function do the whip-like tails most likely perform for the organism?
movement through an environment
Which set of ecological organization levels is most likely to contain the largest variety of species?
multiple biomes in a biosphere
Which sequence best orders ecological categories from the one with the fewest number of individuals to the one with the greatest number of individuals?
population, community, ecosystem, biome
Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves?
the attraction between molecules
Which function is the enzyme most likely unable to perform because of the attachment of the poison molecule?
the catalysis of the reaction with the substrate.