Biology Midterm Study Guide

Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed?

Amino acids are bonded together in a long chain to form a new molecule

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells?

It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes.

During ___, molecules move from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low until molecules are evenly dispersed

diffusion

What must be transmitted to new DNA strands during replication to maintain genetic information?

the sequence of bases from existing DNA strands

A trait in cows is determined by two alleles of a single gene: allele R is dominant, and allele r is recessive. What is the probability of the dominant trait being expressed in the offspring of one RR parent and one rr parent?

100%

Which statement describes the formation of a protein molecule?

Amino acids combine to form a protein chain

At a point in the cell cycle, chromosomes have aligned near the middle of a cell. Which sequence of events will the cell need to complete to produce two identical daughter cells? **Mitosis!!

Anaphase -> Telophase -> Cytokinesis

Which characteristic allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms?

Carbon can form four covalent bonds

Life functions are performed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions?

Cell

Which statement best describes the outcome of both meiosis and mitosis?

Cell division results in daughter cells that contain DNA

Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?

Cellular respiration

Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

Which characteristic is shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Contain genetic material

The presence of a specific trait is genetically inherited. There are only two possible outcomes for this trait: an individual either inherits the trait or does not inherit the trait. Which statement best describes how parents influence this trait?

Each parent contributes one allele for this trait

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not

A jackrabbit has large ears containing blood vessels that help it maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat exchange with the surrounding environment. Which characteristic of life is best described by this example?

Homeostasis

Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

Which statement describes one difference between mitosis and meiosis in animal cells?

Mitosis produces two daughter cells, and meiosis produces four daughter cells.

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

Monomers are linked to form a polymer

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport?

Only active transport requires ATP.

Cell structures Observed in Two Organisms: Cell structures in Organism 1- cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole. Cell Structures in Organism 2- cell membrane, endplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes. A student made a list of structures observed in cells from two different organisms. Which statement describes the most likely difference in the way that organism 1 and organism 2 obtain energy?

Only organism 1 uses solar energy to make energy-rich compounds

Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis sand cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds

A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process

Cell Observations: - chromatin has condensed into visible chromosomes - nuclear envelope has disappeared - nucleolus is no longer visible A student looking through a microscope records observations about a cell. Which stage of the cell cycle has the student described?

Prophase

Statement 1: All living things are composed of cells. Statement 2: If soil contains high levels of salt, the plants will die. Statement 3: The temperature reading on the thermometer is 21°C. Statement 4: It must have rained this morning because the soil is wet. A teacher lists four statements for students to interpret. Which table of information correctly distinguishes between the statements?

Statement 1: theory Statement 2: hypothesis Statement 3: observation Statement 4: inference

Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves?

The attraction between molecules

Biological Molecule Information Molecule 1: (structure) a molecule made mostly of carbon with two nonpolar chains and a polar head. (cellular use) is a component of plasma membranes. Molecule 2: (structure) a polar molecule made of repeating units of sugar bonded to a phosphate and nitrogenous base. (cellular use) stores genetic information Which biological molecules are most likely represented by molecules 1 and 2?

molecule 1: lipid molecule 2: nucleic acid

The Golgi apparatus is broken down during the mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that is Golgi apparatus is broken down?

processing and packaging proteins for cellular export

1. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both involve water 2. Cellular respiration use sugar, and photosynthesis produces sugar. 3. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both use light to produce energy. 4. Cellular respiration requires light energy, and photosynthesis requires chemical energy. Which two statements correctly describe one similarity and one difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

statements 1 and 2

The genetic material of two different individuals of the same species is analyzed. One individual has brown eyes. The other has blue eyes. Which characteristic for eye color would be the same for both individuals?

the allele or the location of the gene