Biology Quiz 2 Study
contractile vacuole
(or excreting vacuole or water vacuole) a vacuole in unicellular organisms that collects water and wastes and expels them in order to maintain the organism's proper water content
flagellum
a long, whiplike tail, or part, used by certain protozoa for locomotion
Ciliophora
the phylum of protozoans with hair-like structures called cilia, the species of which phylum are commonly known as ciliates
cyst
a protective capsule occupied by a protozoa during unfavorable conditions of environment
longitudinal binary fission
asexual reproduction in which the parent organism divides lengthwise to form two daughter cells which are mirror-images of each other
Chlorophyll and carotenoids
What two pigments together create the color in golden-brown algae?
Taxoplasmosis
________ is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
four new protozoans are created
What is the final result of protozoan conjugation?
Actinopoda
the phylum of amoeboid protozoans which have a tiny shell-like structure composed of calcium carbonate
radiolarian
the common name of amoeboid protozoans of the phylum Foraminifera which is characterized by tiny shell-like structures composed of silicon
gullet
the deepest part of the oral groove where food vacuoles are formed around a food particle
Protozoa
the phylum comprising unicellular organisms in the protista kingdom
Foraminifera
the phylum of ameoboid protozoans, commonly called radiolarians, which have a tiny shell-like structure composed of silicon
Rhizopoda
the phylum of amoeboid protozoans
Apicomplexa
the phylum of parasite spore forming protozoans which are not motile during most of their life cycle
Zoomastigophora
the phylum of protozoans, commonly known as flagellates, with whip-like structures called flagella. Members of this phylum are called zooflagellates
phagocytosis
the process of enclosing food particles by the cell membrane to form an internal food vacuole
homeostasis
the self-regulating exchange of water, dissolved materials, and dissolved gases between a cell and its surroundings
anal pore
the structure of a paramecium where undigested food ie eliminated from the cell
engulfed by the cell membrane; food vacuole
During phagocytosis, food particles are __________ and then digested in the __________.
true
The common name for foraminifers is radiolarians. t/f
ameoboid movement
movement by altering the consistency of cytoplasm so that it flows to create pseudopodia
oil
In what form do both golden-brown algae and diatoms store their food?
From an area affected by red tide
A person can become sick with NSP (Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning) by eating shellfish _______________.
colonial
The thallus type of Volvox is ___________.
hairy ball
A(n) ________ best describes a Synura colony.
motility & phagocytosis
Amoeboid protists use their pseudopodium for:
Entamoeba histolytica
Another species of the phylum Rhizopoda, called ____________, is the cause of an intestinal infection in humans called amoebic dysentery.
duplicates
Binary fission starts when the nuclear material _______ to make identical nuclei. Then the rest of the cytoplasm is divided to form two identical daughter cells. Cytoplasm is the content of the cell other than the nucleus
as thickeners
Carrageenan and algin are used in what way by the food-processing industry?
clinical symptoms; spores
During the Plasmodium life cycle, the asexual portion is responsible for the _________ of malaria. The sexual portion releases the _______ into the human blood stream.
dysentery; houseflies; uncontrollable diarrhea
Entamoeba histolytica is an amoebic protozoan which is responsible for a disease known as amoebic ____________ . Cysts formed by Entamoeba histolytica can live outside the human body and may contaminate water or be carried by __________ . Symptoms include __________ which can lead to death if not treated.
-They do not have true vascular parts -They possess significantly different reproductive features -Their cells do not differentiate
Even though algae can produce their own food through photosynthesis, they are not part of the Plantae kingdom. Select the reasons why.
Trypanosoma
For example, the tsetse fly, found only in Africa, is the insect vector for ___________, the zooflagellate which causes African sleeping sickness.
longitudinal binary fission
In contrast to the amoeba and paramecium, most zooflagellates undergo ____________ to produce two daughter cells that are mirror images of each other.
aethalium
In plasmodial slime molds, the plasmodium transforms into reproductive stage called a(n) __________.
-motility -no cell wall -pellicle
In the past, euglena have been classified as a protozoan because they have:
-fresh water lakes -inside other organisms
In what locations does this text suggest you might find zooflagellates living?
Apicomplexa
In what phylum are all parasites?
Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae
Malaria is a devastating disease caused in humans by four known species of organism:
symbiotic
Termites and Trichonympha have a ________ relationship.
paramecium
The _________ has a distinct shape, and has two nuclei. The larger, called the macronucleus, maintains the day-to-day activity of the cell. Micronucleus is important for sharing genetic data during sexual reproduction
very clean; low nutrient levels
The presence of Ochromonas indicates ______ water because it thrives in environments with ______.
-fresh water and as plant parasites
The two types of environments in which we are likely to find water molds are _______.
apical complex
The_________ is a key structure for these parasites to be able to enter and interact with their host cells.
Rhizopoda, Actinopoda, Foraminifera
Three phyla which move by using pseudopods:
common thallii of algae
Unicellular, colonial, filamentous, and multicellular are examples of _________
entry and interaction with the host cell
What is a known function of the apical complex?
Calcium carbonate
What is the main component of the tiny shells of the members of the phylum Actinopoda?
Trichonympha
____________ members live in symbiotic relationship with termites
apical complex
a cell structure found only in parasite species of the phylum Apicomplexa; important for interaction with and entry into host cells
conjugation
a kind of reproduction in which two unicellular organisms unite temporarily to exchange nuclear material and then separate
binary fission
a method of asexual reproduction in animals in which a one-celled organism divides by mitosis into two organisms
cytoplasmic bridge
a temporary thin strand of cytoplasm connecting two microorganisms during conjugation through which structure genetic material may be passed between the cells
pellicle
a thin and firm, but elastic layer over the cell membrane that gives shape to some microorganisms
food vacuole
a vacuole in which food particles are digested by enzymes
cytoplasm
all the material inside a cell membrane except the nucleus
taxis
an organism's response to a single stimulus
chemotaxis
an organism's response to the presence of chemicals in its surroundings
phototaxis
an organism's response to the variability of light in its surroundings
pseudopodium
false feet (the streaming protoplasm of the amoeba)
cilia
hairlike bits of protoplasm that project from certain kinds of cells for locomotion or feeding
oral groove
indentation of the pellicle of a Paramecium that opens to the gullet
Sargussum
is the scientific name of the algae Columbus encountered in the Sargasso Sea.
