Biology Quiz Question for Test 2

If a protein contains 45 amino acids what is the minimum number of nucleotides that comprise the coding portion of the mRNA that was translated to form this protein?

135

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

3' UCA 5'

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is...

3' UCA 5'

If a DNA molecule is comprised of 15% Cytosine, how much Thymine is there in the molecule?

35%

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

3ʹ → 5ʹ along the template strand

5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3' Suppose that an induced mutation removes most of the 5' end of the 5' UTR. What might result?

5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'

5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3' Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?

5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'

Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?

5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'

A particular codon has a sequence of 5'-CGA-3', what is the sequence of the anticodon that recognizes this codon?

5'UCG'3

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression?

A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.

Allolactose, an isomer of lactose, is formed in small amounts from lactose. An E. coli cell is presented for the first time with the sugar lactose (containing allolactose) as a potential food source. Which of the following occurs when the lactose enters the cell?

Allolactose binds to the repressor protein

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?

Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.

All of the following are critical factors for DNA replication on the lagging strand EXCEPT? A. helicase B. telomerase C. DNA polymerase III D. primase E. deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTP)

B. telomerase

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates? A. biosynthetic intermediates B. structural uses C. comprise the majority of cell membranes D. source of energy E. cell-cell recognition/communication

C. Comprise the majority of cell membranes

Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?

DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A. Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other B. Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other C. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side D. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other E. All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function

E. All of the above

What is the function of GTP in translation?

GTP energizes the formation of hte initaiton complex, usuing intiation factors

A(n) _______ is an organized unit of DNA sequences that enables a segment of DNA to be transcribed into RNA and ultimately results in the formation of a functional product.

Gene

What is the function of the release factor (RF)?

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor.

At the end of initiation of translation, where is the initiator tRNA(met) located in the ribosome?

P-site of the ribosome

During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?

RNA

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a globin protein?

RNA polymerase II

Which of the following proteins is involved in synthesizing Transfer RNA (tRNA) in eukaryotes?

RNA polymerase III

Which of the following statement best describes factor independent termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript

Suppose that an induced mutation removes most of the 5' end of the 5' UTR. What might result?

Removal of the 5' UTR also removes the 5' cap, and the mRNA will quickly degrade.

Termination

The finally condon will enter the rRNA, and the process will enter the rRNA and the process will happen again until a stop codon enters the P-site

Elongation

The tRNA molecules have an amino acid attachment site and also carries anticodon. The tRNA will pick up the appropriate amino acid the cytoplasm that is coded for by the mRNA codon that is anticodon matches. The mRNA will run through the rRNA from the 5' end. The first codon AUG, will start in the A site, once this is complete the complex will move over to the P-site, the next codon will move in, and connect with its tRNA and appropriate amino acid, The two amino acids in the rRNA will form a peptide bond

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is

UUU

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Vacoule

Which of the following statements about RNA processing in eukaryotes is INCORRECT? A. introns are excised out of pre-mRNA to produce the mature mRNA B. a complex composed entirely of proteins is used to remove introns from the pre-mRNA C. a poly A tail is added on to the 3' end of the mRNA and is NOT encoded by the DNA D. a 7-methylguanosine cap is added on to the 5' end of the mRNA E. processing occurs in the nucleus

a complex composed entirely of proteins is used to remove introns from the pre-mRNA

There is only one start codon, 5' AUG. This means:

all newly-made polypeptides will have a methionine at their amino terminus

What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of amino acids to tRNA molecules?

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

hich of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

both flagella and motile cilia

Alternative RNA splicing

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA

Alternative RNA splicing...

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA.

What would you expect to observe of a eukaryote that has a frame shift mutation in the gene for telomerase?

chromosomes that grow continuously shorter with each round of replication

A mutation that inactivates the regulatory gene of a repressible operon in an E. coli cell would result in

continuous transcription of the structural gene controlled by that regulator

A frameshift mutation could result from

either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

The current view of the central dogma of biology states that information moves in which manner?

from DNA to either functional RNA or protein

Base pairing of nucleic acids is specific because:

functional groups on each of the bases form hydrogen bonds with functional groups on only one other base

Which protein(s) directly influence the ability of Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II to transcribe genes?

general transcription factors

Why do histones bind tightly to DNA?

histones are positively charged and DNA is negatively charged

Which of the following basic features of transcription is NOT shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

holo RNA polymerase containing a sigma subunit transcribes genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Where would you expect to see the most transcription on a eukaryotic chromosome?

in regions that are mostly made up of euchromatin

Most repressor proteins are allosteric. Which of the following binds with the repressor to alter its conformation?

inducer

Intervening DNA sequences that are transcribed, but not translated into proteins are called?

introns

Which of the following statements best describes a eukaryotic chromosome?

it consists of a single linear molecule of double-stranded DNA complexed with proteins

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

it joins Okazaki fragments together

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes?

lysosome

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

microtubules and motor proteins

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

mitochondrial proteins

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

If the proteins of T2 bacteriophage are labeled with 35S and the DNA with 32P, where would you detect most of the 35S if the T2 bacteriophage were allowed to infect the bacteria?

on the membrane of the infected area

The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells?

on the plasma membrane

Bacteria are grown in media containing 15N for many generations. Then they are transferred to 14N media and allowed to replace for 1 generation. The DNA is collected and centrifuged in a CsC12 gradient. What would you expect to observe if you performed such an experiment?

one intermediate band (half heavy/half light)

_______ is directly produced from the transcription of a eukaryotic gene.

pre-mRNA

Which of the following is NOT a component of the translation machinery?

protein polymerase

Initiation

rRna consists of 2 parts the large + small ribosomal unit, on the large ribosomal unit, there are two sites A-site, and the P-site. these will be the sites of polypepide synthesis and elongation.

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

removal of the 5' cap

What would deb a consequence if DNA helicase in E. coli had undergone a frame shift mutation?

replication would not take place, as the DNA strands could not be separated at the origin of replication or at the replication forks

Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?

repressor

_______ are the building blocks (monomers) of RNA.

ribo-nucleotides

The mechanism of DNA replication is _______.

semiconservative

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?

several transcription factors

What is a consequence of the genetic code being degenerate?

some mutations might be "silent" and not cause change in a protein

What type of RNA comprises the majority of the ribosome structure?

tRNA

Which of the following enzymes is not required for E. coli DNA replication?

telomerase

_______ adds DNA to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.

telomerase

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when

the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell

The leading and lagging strands at a replication fork differ in that

the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction

What is the purpose of the poly A tail of mRNA?

the poly A tail increases mRNA stability in eukaryotes and ensures transport out of the nucleus

Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?

the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5' cap of mRNA

In prokaryotic transcription, the role of sigma factor is

to position RNA polymerase at the -10 and -35 sites of the promoter