BIOLOGY SEMESTER TEST
After plants absorb energy from the Sun, the energy gets converted into _____ energy for the plant to carry out life activities.
chemical
Select all that apply. What conditions and/or raw materials are necessary for photosynthesis to occur?
chlorophyll CO2 H2O light
Which organelle contains chlorophyll and is the location for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
The green machines within a plant are the _____ .
chloroplasts
The ________________ reaction of photosynthesis puts carbon dioxide into the form of carbohydrates.
dark
ATP can convert to ADP during
dephosphorylation
When ATP is converted to ADP, ____________ occurs.
dephosphorylation
The universe tends to move to a state of entropy or
disorder
The first law of thermodynamics states that ___.
energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change from one form to another
Mr. Jones tells his students that energy cannot be created; it must be captured from the environment. He is talking about the _____.
first law of thermodynamics
______________is a fuel your body uses for energy.
glucose
When a pitcher is holding a baseball, the ball has _____________energy. After the pitcher throws the ball, the ball has ____________ energy.
potential kinetic
Stored energy is _____.
potential energy
Glycolysis ends in the production of _____.
pyruvic acid
According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat energy released by an organism is _____.
released into the environment and unusable
Energy required for life mostly comes from _____.
solar energy
Select all that apply. The reactants of photosynthesis include _____.
solar energy carbon dioxide water chlorophyll
Metabolic pathways _____.
-control the flow of energy -control enzyme activity -can be linear or branched out | all of the above|
Trace the flow of energy by numbering the following events from start to finish. 1.Step 1 2.Step 2 3.Step 3 4.Step 4 5.Step 5
1.The Sun emits energy. 2.Plants absorb energy from the Sun and use it for photosynthesis. 3.A rabbit eats the plants and uses the energy for growth and respiration. 4.A fox eats the rabbit and uses the energy for growth and respiration. 5.The fox dies and is decomposed.
Match the following terms and definitions. 1.oxidation 2.phosphorylation 3.dephosphorylation
1.a chemical reaction in which oxygen is combined with another substance 2.when a phosphate is added to a molecule 3.when a phosphate is removed from a molecule
Which of the following is an example of energy changing from one form to another?
a fire
Match the following. 1.an organism that can make its own food 2.the dark reaction process of photosynthesis that uses carbon dioxide for the synthesis of carbohydrates 3.a pigment ranging in color from yellow to red; helpful in capturing the Sun's light energy for use in photosynthesis 4.a green pigment in plants that serves to trap the Sun's energy for photosynthesis 5.the tiny body that contains chlorophyll; part of the cell in which photosynthesis takes place 6.a process that involves the use of carbon dioxide and water in the production of glucose and oxygen using the Sun's energy 7.transfer of heat or energy through rays of various wavelengths
1.autotroph 2.Calvin cycle 3.carotenoid pigment 4.chlorophyll 5.chloroplast 6.photosynthesis 7.radiation
Match the following. 1.bacteria and fungi that break down dead matter 2.the basic relationships that show how a community of plants, animals, and bacteria live and grow and how these living things are dependent on each other as well as the Sun, soil, and other nonliving parts of their environment; a cycle of relationships 3.line of plants and animals that shows the order in which organisms are eaten 4.a diagram that shows the connections among food chains in an ecosystem 5.organisms that eat producers 6.organisms that eat primary consumers 7.predator that eats secondary consumers
1.decomposers 2.ecosystem 3.food chain 4.food web 5.primary consumer 6.secondary consumer 7.tertiary consumer
Match the following. 1.the energy lost to disorder 2.related to or possessing motion 3.all of the chemical reactions in an organism required for maintenance of the processes of life 4.possible; ability to go into action or perform work 5.the study of energy and its transformations
1.entropy 2.kinetic 3.metabolism 4.potential 5.thermodynamics
About how much energy is transferred from a producer to a primary consumer?
10% of the plant's energy
After strenuous exercise sore muscles can occur because of?
A buildup of lactic acid in the tissues
Yeast has many commercial uses in the production of ____. Select all that apply.
Breads Fuels Wine
The exchange of gases between animals and the environment is called
Breathing
Part of the photosynthesis process that puts carbon dioxide into the form of carbohydrates is the _____.
Calvin cycle
Which factor will increase the rate of photosynthesis?
Increased carbon dioxide levels
Do you get all the energy from a piece of fruit you eat?
No, because some of the energy is dispersed as heat.
How do organisms acquire the energy they need to live?
Organisms capture energy from the environment.
A plant absorbs energy from the Sun. Where does the energy go from there?
Some of the energy is stored in the plant's tissues and the rest is released as heat energy.
Select all that applyWhich statements apply to glycolysis?
Splits a glucose molecule into pyruvic acid Occurs without oxygen present Occurs in all living things
What macromolecule is produced during photosynthesis for plant food?
carbohydrates
_____ switch on enzyme activity, while ____ can switch off or reduce enzyme activity.
activators; inhibitors
Organisms that can produce their own food and feed themselves are called _____.
autotrophs
Chemical mechanisms that can turn off or reduce an enzyme are _____.
inhibitors
A person holding a bow has just released an arrow from the bow. The arrow shoots forward toward its target. What type of energy is being described?
kinetic
The ______________reaction of photosynthesis changes the energy of the Sun into chemical energy.
light
Hill is known for working out reactions taking place during the _____ of photosynthesis.
light reaction
Enzymes__________the activation energy threshold required to start a chemical reaction.
lower
Chains of enzyme reactions in a cell that regulate enzyme activity and energy flow are _____.
metabolic pathways
All of the chemical reactions in an organism for maintenance of life processes are called _____.
metabolism
Cellular____________is all of the chemical reactions in cells.
metabolism
The electron transport process makes water and ATP and is sometimes called _____________ because it requires oxygen.
oxidative phosphorylation
You are a _____ consumer if you feed on secondary consumers.
tertiary
Photosynthesis can be broken down into two steps; the light and dark reactions. The dark reaction is also known as _____.
the Calvin cycle
The second stage of cellular respiration is _____.
the Krebs cycle
Most energy in an ecosystem originally comes from _____.
the Sun
Leaves with carotenoid pigment turn ______________ during the fall.
yellow and orange
Cellular respiration occurs in which three stages?
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
After a caterpillar eats a leaf, it can convert the chemical energy into _____ energy to help it build a cocoon.
mechanical
In oxidation,_____________ is needed to create a chemical reaction.
oxygen
Which factor can affect the rate of photosynthesis by denaturing enzymes in the plant?
pH levels
ADP can convert to ATP during________________.
phosphorylation
A person is standing with a drawn bow and arrow. He is aiming it at a bull's-eye. What type of energy is being described?
potential
The water at the top of a waterfall has _____ energy.
potential
_____ are chemical mechanisms that start a reaction.
Activators
The chemical energy stored in ATP during photosynthesis is released during the dark phase to _____.
produce a carbohydrate from CO2
Living organisms that are able to make their own food are _____.
producers
If energy can't be created according to the first law of thermodynamics, where does it initially come from?
the Sun
What is the definition of energy?
the ability to do work
Match the following. 1.chemical mechanisms that activate or start a reaction 2.when a phosphate is removed from a molecule; when a phosphate from ATP is removed to make ADP and a free phosphate molecule 3.chemical mechanisms that prevent something from occurring 4.a chain of enzyme reactions within cells that break down or build molecules 5.all of the chemical reactions in an organism required for maintenance of the processes of life 6.a chemical reaction in which oxygen is combined with another substance 7.when a phosphate is added to a molecule; when a phosphate is added to ADP to make ATP
1.activators 2.dephosphorylation 3.inhibitors 4.metabolic pathways 5.metabolism 6.oxidation 7.phosphorylation
Match the following vocabulary with the definitions. 1.Occurring in the presence of oxygen 2.The stage of respiration that occurs in anaerobic condition In animal cells 3.The first step in the chemical breakdown of glucose 4.Occurring in the absence of oxygen 5.The stage of respiration that occurs in anaerobic conditions In less complex organisms
1.aerobic 2.lactic acid fermentation 3.glycolysis 4.anaerobic 5.alcohol fermentation
A molecule composed of adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose, and three phosphates is known as _____.
ATP
Most potential energy captured from food molecules is stored as ___.
ATP
All of the following are examples of limiting factors in an ecosystem except:
Population density
Bacteria cultures that have been allowed to undergo fermentation have been used commercially for centuries in the production of
Yogurt
What general type of plant food is produced by photosynthesis?
carbohydrates
