Biology Test #1
If the natural habitat for this mold is in temperate forests (25C), what would be a good control for this experiment?
A room with the AC at 25C.
Label the following organelles: Golgi Body, Rough ER, Nucleus, Vesicle. Giant Sphere: ? Tiny Transporting Balls: ? Maze next to Nucleus: ? Receives Vesicles: ?
Giant Sphere: Nucelus Tiny Balls: Vesicles Maze next to Nucleus: Rough ER Receives Vesicles: Golgi Body
Which of the following are compounds? A) H2O, O2, and CH4 B) H2O and O2 C) O2 and CH4 D) H2O and CH4, but not O2
H2O and CH4, but not O2
What does the Nucleus do?
houses the majority of the DNA of the cell
The atomic mass refers to the sum of the number of _____ and ____. A) neutrons and electrons B) Protons and electrons C) neutrons and protons D) none of these
neutrons and protons
Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________. A) hydrogen bonds B) polar covalent bonds C) nonpolar covalent bonds D) ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
Which side of the water molecule has a partial negative charge?: A) hydrogen B) oxygen C) no sides D) all sides
oxygen
What do Chloroplasts do?
photosynthesis
What do Tight Junctions do?
prevents molecules from going into plasma membrane
What does the Mitochondria do?
produces cellular respiration/ATP production
Which of the following is NOT a requirement of life (to be considered living)? a. response to the environment b. reproduction c. energy processing d. multicellular growth and development
response to the environment
Which of the following would be a possible hypothesis? A. Temperature has an affect on the color of mold growth B. Students in biology lab are colorblind C. Different molds grow on vegetables than on bread D. Humans should not eat mold
Temperature has an affect on the color of mold growth
List one example of a trace element required by living organisms.
Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Chromium, Cobalt, Iodine, Manganese, and Molybdenum
What are Cations?
A positively charged atom such as Na+
From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has _____.
15 protons and 15 electrons
How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond, in a double covalent bond, and a triple covalent bond?
2, 4, 6
A nitrogen atom has an atomic number of 7, with an atomic mass of 15. This atom does not have a charge. How many bonds can it form with other atoms?
3
A nitrogen atom has an atomic number of 7, with an atomic mass of 15. How many Protons does Nitrogen have?
7
A nitrogen atom has an atomic number of 7, with an atomic mass of 15. How many Neutrons does this Nitrogen have?
8
What does the best experimental design include?
A large amount of sample size and control
What are Anions?
A negatively charged atom, such as O^-2
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? A) Nucleus B) DNA C) Cytoplasm D) All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
List the three domains of life:
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organization? A) Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → Organism B) Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organism C) Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → Organism D) Biosphere → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organism
Biosphere → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organism
List one of the major elements found in living matter
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
The students grow the mold on bread at the following temperatures: 0, 4, 25, 37 and 55C. They record what colors grow at each temperature. What is the Dependent Variable?
Color of the mold
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? A) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of single electrons between atoms. B) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms. C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons between charged atoms. D) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms.
Motor proteins interact with what type of cellular structure?
Cytoskeleton
31. Which of the following is the correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy (levels of biological organization) from Smallest to Largest? a. DNA → Fish → Coral Reef → Gill b. Gill → fish → DNA → Coral reef c. Coral Reef → Fish → Gill → DNA d. DNA → Gill → Fish → Coral reef
DNA → Gill → Fish → Coral reef
What are Ionic Bonds?
Electrons are lost or accepted between atoms that are bound together
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not. B) Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do not. C) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. D) Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
Describe what the Central Dogma is the and steps involved.
Flow of genetic information. 1. From existing DNA to make new DNA (DNA replication?) 2. From DNA to make new RNA (transcription) 3. From RNA to make new proteins (translation)
Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, which develop from similar embryonic tissues. These structural similarities are an example of ___. A) homology B) convergent evolution C) the evolution of common structure as a result of common function D) the evolution of similar appearance as a result of common function
Homology
What are Hydrogen Bonds?
Hydrogen atoms covalently bound to an electronegative atom will form weak bonds with other electronegative atoms
In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to increasingly colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of _____. A) Cuvier B) Lamarck C) Darwin D) Lyell
Lamarck
What are Van der Waals forces?
Many weak attractions between atoms in close proximity can accumulate to create a strong adhesive force
What is the mass and charge of an Electron?
Mass = 0.005 Charge = -1
What is the mass and charge of a Proton?
Mass = 1 Charge = +1
What is the mass and charge of a Neutron?
Mass = 1 Charge = 0
Characteristics shared by all cells include:
Membrane, DNA, and cellular fluid
What do Microtubules do?
Motility
What is the difference between natural and artificial selection?
Natural occurs in nature while artificial is chosen by humans
Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?: A) Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results → Experiment B) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis → Conclusion C) Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results D) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results
Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results
What are Covalent Bonds?
Pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
What do Desosomes do?
Prevents adjacent cells from seperating.
What do Gap Junctions do?
Provides a direct passageway for small molecules to travel between cells.
What is the different between qualitative data and quantitative data? Give examples of each.
Qualitative data is information based on features such as the color of a butterfly. Quantitive data is information based on number amount such as the weight of a hamster.
What are Isotopes?
Same element with a different number of neutrons (atomic mass)
The students grow the mold on bread at the following temperatures: 0, 4, 25, 37 and 55C. They record what colors grow at each temperature. What is the Independent Variable?
Temperature
Describe Evolution:
Species changing their features by natural selection
Which is the correct form? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Staphylococcus aureus C) staphylococcus aureus D) Staphlococcus Aureus
Staphylococcus aureus (The one with first is capital and second is lowercase. Also all in italics.)
What are Reactants?
Starting materials for a chemical reaction
What do Extracellular Matrix do?
Structural support network
Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)? A) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. B) Ammonia has an overall positive charge. C) Ammonia has an overall negative charge. D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge.
The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge.
Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1?
The one with 6 electrons
Which of the following correctly describes a reaction that has reached chemical equilibrium? A) The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. B) All of the reactants have been converted to the products of the reaction. C) All of the products have been converted to the reactants of the reaction. D) Both the forward and the reverse reactions have stopped, with no net effect on the concentration of the reactants and the products.
The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
When are atoms most stable?
When their outermost shell is full of electrons and no need for an extra
The nuclear lamina is an array of intermediate filaments that line the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a chemical treatment caused the lamina to disassemble, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence? A) closing of nuclear pores B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division C) a loss of genetic information from chromosomes D) a change in the shape of the nucleus
a change in the shape of the nucleus
In the process of science, which of these is tested? A) a result B) an observation C) a hypothesis D) the experimenter
a hypothesis
Many crustaceans (for example, lobsters, shrimp, and crayfish) use their tails to swim, but crabs have reduced tails that curl under their shells and are not used in swimming. This is an example of _____. A) convergent evolution B) a homologous structure C) natural selection D) a vestigial trait
a vestigial trait
Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________. A) uncharged neutrons in their nuclei B) an equal number of protons and neutrons C) an equal number of protons and electrons D) an equal number of charged and uncharged subatomic particles
an equal number of protons and electrons
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes _____. A) are more structurally complex B) are larger C) are smaller D) do not have membranes
are smaller
What does a Lysosome do?
digestion of food or damaged organelles
The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________. A) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts B) endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen—the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts C) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria D) evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts
What does the Smooth ER do?
lipid synthesis and detox
What does the Rough ER do?
site of protein synthesis that may be exported from the cell
What does the Golgi body do?
the "post office" of the cell where proteins get modified and packaged
Catastrophic events was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of _____. A) evolution B) the fossil record C) uniformitarianism D) the origin of new species
the fossil record
What is Taxonomy?
the science of naming and classifying organisms
The _____ electrons are the electrons in the outer shell that are involved in chemical bonding: A) valence B) 9 C) ion D) proton
valence