Biology Test 3 (Chapter 6)

37. All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT a. binary fission b. independent assortment c. crossing over d. random fertilization

a. binary fission

28. Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a cell's progression through the cell cycle? a. gametes b. cell cycle regulatory molecules c. hormones d. growth factors

a. gametes

18. The process of mitosis is thought to have evolved from binary fission. What similarities exist between these processes?

Both processes include DNA segregation.

33. Which of the following foods is most likely to contain haploid cells?

an egg

16. Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis?

breakdown of the nuclear envelope

25. Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the ________ portion of cell division.

metaphase

9. The goal of meiosis is to

produce eggs and sperm.

24. An actively dividing cell has six chromosomes. How many sister chromatids are present within this cell at the end of G2 phase?

12

20. A duplicated chromosome consists of ________ sister chromatid(s).

2

34. If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes?

9

11. Which of the following accurately describes the similarities between mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission?

All three of the processes are used to produce daughter cells.

8. Which of the following statements about cell division is correct?

It is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues.

15. Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis?

Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.

40. Which of the following accurately describes crossing over?

Paternal chromosome 7 exchanges segments of DNA with maternal chromosome 7.

10. Which of the following choices states a correct reason why the process of cell division is different for prokaryotic than for eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule.

5. According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell increase in size in preparation for division?

Region 2

4. According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material duplicated?

Region 3

6. According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material evenly partitioned between daughter cells?

Region 6

7. What are the stages of interphase?

S, G1, and G2

36. When appropriately prompted, diploid individuals of Ulva prolifera form spores that germinate to become haploid individuals. How might diploid individuals be created to complete the life cycle?

Some individuals differentiate to become haploid gametes and then fuse to produce a diploid zygote.

42. What is the significance of crossing over?

The resulting gametes will have different gene combinations than their parent cells' gene combinations.

21. Which of the following is true of the chromosomes in a homologous pair?

They carry the same genes.

22. Which of the following best exemplifies homologous chromosomes?

a tetrad

3. The G0 phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by

an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis.

29. Cells that demonstrate anchorage independence

are primed to become metastatic.

12. A researcher is recording the process of bacteria cell division using time-lapse microscopy. Which of the following processes would she be observing?

binary fission

1. Which of the following pairs of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle?

cell division and interphase

19. The circle near the center of this structure represents a

centromere.

23. Homologous chromosomes

consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome.

14. Some daughter cells are described as clones. For this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells must

contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell.

41. In genetic engineering, molecular biologists often combine segments of DNA from two separate organisms. This is an example of genetic recombination that occurs in a laboratory setting. Which of the following is a form of genetic recombination that occurs naturally within cells?

crossing over

44. A scientist wishing to generate cancerous cells in vitro could subject the cells to which of the following procedures?

expose cells to chemicals that disrupt mitosis

38. Which two processes work in conjunction to create genetic diversity and maintain chromosome number?

fertilization and meiosis

30. Cancers are groups of cells that divide rapidly and uncontrollably. Thus, cancer cells

have a relatively short G1 phase.

39. The possible combinations of alleles in gametes ________ due to independent assortment and crossing over.

increases

2. A pool of cells is treated with a chemical that halts progress through the cell cycle. In which stage of the cell cycle would most cells be found?

interphase

13. Which of the following is associated with mitosis?

maintenance of chromosome number

45. Model organisms (like mice) used in the study of genetic disease

may accurately reflect how diseases like cancer occur in humans.

35. Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because

meiosis reduces the chromosome number so that zygotes produced will have one full genome.

43. Which of the following is known to result from the disruption of mitosis and meiosis?

prostate cancer

31. Which of the following cell types is produced by meiosis?

sperm cells

26. When examining the rapidly dividing cells of a fish embryo, you notice a cell that seems to contain two nuclei. The middle of the cell is pinched inward. This cell must be in ________ of mitosis.

telophase

27. Which of the following would promote a cell to move through the G2 checkpoint?

the genetic information has been duplicated

32. The successful union of one male and one female gamete forms a new single cell known as a

zygote.