Biology test
What do the G and A represent in this DNA sequence? GAA TTC GCA
Nitrogen bases
Which of the following is not a characteristic of MEIOSIS?
Produces two diploid cells
Active cellular division occurs in 5 distinct phases. During one of these phases, the chromatic condenses to become a chromosome. Identify the phase of cellular division described as?
Prophase
The cell cycle describes the process by which the cell divides. Which of the following best describes this process.
Replication only involves the duplication of proteins needed to acquire nutrients from environment.
What cellular organelle, required for translation, interprets the information encoded in the messenger RNA?
Ribosome
Which of these is an example of a heterozygous genotype?
Rr
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur.
S phase
Which of the following events occur in meiosis II? Select ALL that apply
Sister chromatids are separated from other Four haploid cells are produced
Diploid organisms have two sets of chromosomes in every nucleus of almost every cell. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes - or half of the number of the diploid cells. Which cells are haploid select ALL that apply.
Sperm Egg
Which of the following does NOT occur in both mitosis and meiosis?
Splitting of homologous pairs of chromosomes
What type of mutation occurred in the DNA strand below? ORIGINAL DNA: AGGCTCGAT MUTATED DNA: AGGTTCGAT
Substitution
Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
Synapsis and crossing over
What are somatic cells?
The 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?
The cell membrane begins to pinch, forming two new cells.
What are homologous chromosomes?
They are the resulted chromosome after crossing over.
What are germline cells
They transfer genetic information from one generation yo the next. They replicate DNA prior to cell division.
Which of the following nitrogenous bases within DNA pairs with Adenine (A)?
Thymine (T)
What is the process by which mRNA nucleotide sequence is converted into an amino acid sequence?
Translation
When tDNA does into the long dna strand its called
Translation
The phrase "protein synthesis" or "gene expression" is used to collectively describe the processes whereby biological cells generate new proteins. Which of the following processes are involved in "protein synthesis"? Select ALL that apply
Translation Transcription
Whats an allele
cell that contains 2 copies of each gene
How many chromosomes does meiosis create
cuts them inhalf
How many chromosomes does Mitosis produce
keeps the same amount of chromosomes
What is hemoglobin
large protein that can be found in red blood cells
The genetic info for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this info to the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Each skeletal muscle fiber contains many ________, which are rod-shaped
myofibrils
when things combine they combine in the
nucleus
Which of the following doesn't involve mitotic cell division
sexual reproduction
What is a chromosome?
structure located inside the nucleus of a cell
Which of these combinations results in the expression of a recessive trait?
two recessive alleles
What is a zygote
2 reproductive cells combine and then they become a single cell with two copies of each chromosome.
In translation, nitrogen bases are read _____ bases at a time.
3
Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus divides and produces two identical daughter cells. If the 2n number of the parent cell is 46, how many chromosomes will each daughter cells have?
46
In humans, the alleles for straight thumbs (T) is dominant to the allele of hitchhiker's thumb (t). If a homozygous recessive male mates with a heterozygous female. What is the probability that their child will have straight thumbs?
50%
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
9
homozygous
BB or Bb
heterozygous
Bb or bB
In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs in the________
Cytoplasm
Which phases of the cell cycle are parts of the interphase? Select ALL that apply
G1 phase G2 phase S phase
In the eukaryotic cell cycle, there are various checkpoints at which the cell monitors its processes to ensure that they are occurring normally before progressing to the next phase of the cell cycle. Which of the following checkpoints ensures that the cell's DNA is free of mistakes and damage following DNA replication, prior to entering mitosis?
G2 checkpoint
What is a gamete
A gamete is a reproductive cell. They just carry one copy of each chromosome
Whats a gene
A segment of DNA/RNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Which of the following represent possible homozygous genotypes of a diploid cell? Select ALL that apply *
AA aa
According to Mendelian genetics, what phenotypic outcome do you expect when you cross a heterozygote (Aa) with a homozygous dominant (AA) individual?
All of the offspring will have the dominant phenotype
Transcription is the process in which a double-stranded molecule DNA is copied into single-stranded RNA molecule. Provide the RNA strand that would be copied from the following DNA strand. ATTGCAGTACAG *
UAACGUCAUGUC
Which of the following would not be found in DNA? Select ALL that apply
Uracil Ribose
What is independent assortment?
When the homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of a cell.
Within each of the skeletal muscles are bundles of muscle fibers. These bundles are also called __
_______facicles____________
Sarcomeres are made up of thin filaments (composed mainly of the protein _____________) and thick filaments (composed mainly of the protein _____________.)
actin and myosin
