Biology test2

Vitamin D-resistant rickets is an X-linked dominant bone disorder. A man with this form of rickets marries a normal woman. What is the percent likelihood that the couple's son is expected to have vitamin D-resistant rickets?

0%

How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?

3

A person with a disorder resulting from trisomy of chromosome 21 has:

45 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes

A mouse that has the genotype AaMMzz will have the same phenotype as a mouse with the

AAMmzz

In automated DNA sequencing based on the Sanger method which is/are True?

DNA polymerase is needed for elongation

Jimmy Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Jimmy has an inherited allele for deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with an abnormal allele d. The allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing is D. Jimmy's parents could have which of the following genotypes?

Dd and Dd

Angiogenesis inhibitors help reduce the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of oncogenes. true or false?

False

Antibiotic resistance due to overuse has led to the development of "super bugs", such as mosquitos transmitting malaria. true or false?

False

Emerging infectious diseases are no longer a growing health concern due to vaccines and advanced medical technologies. true or false?

False

Introns can serve as export signals of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where introns are then spliced out before the mRNA is translated. true or false?

False

When a somatic cell divides into two daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes we call this process meiosis. true or false?

False

If one strand of DNA is CGGATC, the corresponding DNA strand would be:

GCCTAG

In the Supreme Court Case Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics it was found that:

Human genes are found in nature and unpatentable

A disabled form of H.I.V. re-engineered to carry cancer fighting genes and mixed with a patients T-cells is a type of:

Immunotherapy

Does nondisjunction during meiosis result in the production of gametes with normal chromosome numbers?

None of the answers are true

What is 80% of the non-coding DNA transcribed to?

RNA

'RNAi' stands for which of the following?

RNA interference

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is currently the most frequently used approach for sequencing that can be carried out in a variety of ways due to advanced instrumentation. true or false?

True

In the context of prokaryotic gene expression, which of the following is the most appropriate definition of an operator?

a non-coding, regulatory DNA sequence that is bound by a repressor protein

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes:

all of the answers are false

CRISPR is capable of:

all of the answers are true

The advances in personalized medicine correlate with advances in technology including:

all of the answers are true

Clinomics aims to:

analyze data to guide health care decisions

Induced Pluripotent Stem cells:

can be derived from adult skin cells by switching on just a few genes

The term "pluripotent" is defined as cells that:

can develop into almost any tissue type

Which of the following is FALSE about cancer: more than 30 genes are known whose mutations drive cancer cancer can be treated using a variety of different chemotherapies most cancers are caused by 2-8 sequential alterations over a number of years cancer genes function through one or two signaling pathways

cancer genes function through one or two signaling pathways

CRISPR / CAS 9 causes a

double stranded break in the DNA to be edited

If lactose is passively imported into a bacterial cell this will result in

expression of the lactose operon by inactivating the lac repressor molecule

23 & me provides data for the entire genome of its customers. true or false?

false

A small RNA that serves as a "gopher" to bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome during translation is called gRNA. true or false?

false

Proto-oncogenes can be "transformed" into oncogenes by elimination of their start signals for translation. true or false?

false

The 3-D conformation of DNA and RNA is quite similar because they both are composed of a sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base. true or false?

false

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project lead to the realization that there is one type of cancer per type of tumor. true or false?

false

The field of Synthetic Biology focusses on replicating biological systems that exist in the natural world. true or false?

false

mRNA is translated to protein in the Nucleus? true or false

false

COVID-19

has resulted in a pandemic

X-linked inheritance patterns:

have genes that segregate based on X-chromosome segregation

Which of the following statements is TRUE? hox genes can help control small pox mutations do not occur in hox genes hox genes found in different animals are very different from each other hox genes control the normal development of an animal

hox genes control the normal development of an animal

The field of Pharmacogenomics is used to:

identify how our genes affect the way our bodies respond to medications

Breast Cancer:

is often associated with specific mutations in genes

The enzyme that binds two segments of DNA together, including binding Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is:

ligase

In eukaryotes, DNA packaging seems to affect gene expression primarily by:

limiting access to DNA

A major discovery concerning the human genome announced by the ENCODE Project was:

most of the DNA bases in the human genome do not code for proteins but instead code for thousands of small RNA molecules that regulate gene activity

What does the Sanger sequencing method take advantage of?

nucleotides missing a hydroxyl on the 3' end

The surprise from the Human Genome Project was that:

protein-encoding genes make up <2% of our genome

Prostate cancer is treated with hormone therapy by

reducing production of testosterone

What are SNPs?

single nucleotide polymorphisms

Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because:

the allele for colorblindness is located on the X chromosome

Which of the following is false regarding the lac operon in E. coli?

the operon is switched off in the presence of lactose in the growth medium

Within one chromosome during mitosis (assuming no mutations), what is the relationship between the sequence of bases in DNA of one sister chromatid compared to another?

the sequences are identical

Which statement about stem cells is false?

they need to be derived from embryos

"RNAi" is a mechanism first found to combat virus infections in plants. true or false?

true

An epigenetic change in gene expression can be an inherited change that does not involve any change in the nucleotide sequence of the gene. true or false?

true

DNA is always synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. true or false?

true

These genes normally function to prevent uncontrolled cell division, but when mutated they lose this regulatory function and can promote cell proliferation that allows tumors to grow:

tumor suppresing genes

Which statement about viruses is TRUE? DNA viruses have higher rates of mutation than RNA viruses only RNA viruses that are single stranded cause disease viruses are surrounded by a capsid DNA viruses are always double stranded

viruses are surrounded by a capsid

Autosomal disorders cannot be caused by:

x-linked disorders

Infectious diseases that can be specifically transmitted from other vertebrate animals to humans are called:

zoonoses