Biology: Unit 3, Cell Reproduction

Giraffes have 62 chromosomes. Immediately following the S phase of the cell cycle in a giraffe cell, there will be

124 chromosomes.

Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Which of these cells could be cancer, and why? Use the data to justify your answer.

2 - faster replication

If an organism is successful in a particular environment, _(A)_ reproduction is _(B)_. However, if an environment changes, some offspring of _(C)_ reproduction may have a better chance of survival and reproductive success than others in a population because of _(D)_.

A: Asexual B: Advantageous C: Sexual D: Genetic Variability

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

Body cells Skin cells Somatic cells

Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Which cell will reproduce more cells in 70 hours?

Cell 2

Analyze the cell cycle diagrams of two different types of cells. Why do some cells divide faster than others and some cells do not divide after they are formed? Use the data to justify your answer.

Depends on the function of the cell. Cell 2 is faster than Cell 1.

What happens to the two cells formed at the end of meiosis I? Choose two correct answers

Four haploid daughter cells are formed during meiosis II/Chromosomes do not replicate and the homologous chromosomes separate.

What stage is the cell below? The sister chromatids are aligned at the cell's equatorial region.

Metaphase

Describe the Law of Independent Assortment, include when it occurs during meiosis and what it leads to.

Metaphase I/Anaphase I maternal and paternal homologs sort independently increasing genetic diversity

At present, stem cell-based therapies are the clinical standard of care for only a few conditions, including leukemia and macular degeneration. Before stem cell therapies can be ethically approved for other conditions, which safety assessments should be confirmed? Choose three correct statements.

Stem cells should not have harmful mutations/Stem cells should not spread beyond the site of the transplant/Stem cell treatment should not cause tumors.

Paramecium is a single-celled protozoan. The graph shows a typical growth curve for a colony of Paramecium in a nutrient culture. Two Paramecium cells sometimes engage in a sexual process in which genetic materials are exchanged, but no new cells are produced.Which additional observation would provides the strongest evidence that Paramecium reproduces asexually?

The cells in the colony are genetically identical.

Which of the following statements are typical for cancer cells? Select all that apply.

They tend to be unspecialized/They may form tumors that metastasize/They have defective genes.

Why do cells divide? Select all that apply.

To ensure that a cell does not become too large/To produce new cells during an organism's growth/To replace damaged cells and tissues/To replace damaged cells and tissues

These homologous chromosomes carry different alleles of the wild type and mutant type in the fruit fly Drosophila. A cell with the homologous chromosomes undergoes meiosis, and gametes are produced. Is it possible for a chromosome of a gamete to contain the alleles for gray body and brown eyes?

Yes, because homologous chromosomes may exchange segments by crossing over during meiosis.

What structure is found in prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?

a single, circular DNA chromosome found in the cytoplasm

The mitotic spindle connects the kinetochores to

centromeres.

Why do cells need to divide?

growth repair replace reproduce

Why are cells small?

increase SA:Volume more efficient easier to transport material across the cell

When does DNA replication take place?

interphase S

Read each of the sentences that describe a phase of mitosis or meiosis I. Then decide if is a phase of mitosis or meiosis I. Homologous chromosomes pair to form a tetrad and cross over.

meiosis I

Read each of the sentences that describe a phase of mitosis or meiosis I. Then decide if is a phase of mitosis or meiosis I. Two genetically not identical, haploid daughter cells are formed.

meiosis I

What type of cell division separates homologous chromosomes? Select all that apply.

meiosis I

Which statement is true about meiosis II?

meiotic spindle attach to kinetochores and cause sister chromatids to separate

Read each of the sentences that describe a phase of mitosis or meiosis I. Then decide if is a phase of mitosis or meiosis I. Two genetically identical, diploid daughter cells are formed.

mitosis

What type of cell division separates sister chromatids?

mitosis meiosis II

Describe 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis.

mitosis (somatic cells, genetically identical, 1 round of division, diploid-diploid)meiosis (germ cells, genetically unique, 2 rounds of division, diploid-haploid)

How is cytokinesis different between a plant cell and an animal cell? why?

plants have cell walls made of the carbohydrate cellulose so they need to build a cell plate into the new cell wall animals cells pinch inward creating a cleavage furrow

Which step does not occur in meiosis I?

sister chromatids are pulled apart by meiotic spindles

Why don't bacteria undergo mitosis?

they are prokaryotes and don't have a nucleus - mitosis is the division of the nucleus

What useful purpose is served by cell division in a multicellular organism?

to ensure that a cell does not become too large/to produce new cells during an organism's growth/to replace damaged cells and tissues

A cell that is unable to synthesize the cyclin needed for the G2 checkpoint is likely to

undergo programmed cell death.

What stage is the cell below? The sister chromatids are moving to opposite sides.

Anaphase