Biology Unit 6

these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain

Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____.

oxidative phosphorylation would come to a halt because there wouldn't be any oxygen to "pull" the electrons down the transport chain

Some human cells, such as nerve cells, are restricted to aerobic respiration to recycle NADH and FADH2. If these cells are deprived of oxygen, then _____.

mitochondrial matrix

A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?

four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and _________ additional energy-rich molecules: __________.

with their numerous hydrogen atoms, fats provide an abundant source of high-energy electrons

Fat is the most efficient molecule for long-term energy storage even compared to carbohydrates because _____.

requires ATP to make ATP

Glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that _____.

loses ... oxygen gains

In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons.

the energy necessary to power the rearrangement of chemical bonds in H2O and CO2

Sunlight is essential for the varied life on Earth. Sunlight provides energy to photosynthetic organisms by providing __________.

build amino acids, fats, and sugars

Using the ATP generated during cellular respiration, the intermediates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, such as pyruvate and acetyl CoA, can be siphoned off and used to __________.

In the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate

We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced _____.

kinetic energy and heat

When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. Both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. In cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to ATP and heat. In a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to _____.