Biology Unit 8: Human Anatomy and Physiology

1. secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine 2. the sac around the heart 3. digestion and absorption of food 4.intestinal flora 5. hydrochloric acid to digest food 6. fingerlike projections for absorption of nutrients 7. stores bile 8. secretion for digestion in the mouth 9. reabsorption of needed materials by the kidney 10. filtration of wastes from the blood

1 - large intestine 2 - pericardium 3 - small intestine 4 - stomach 5 - villi 6 - pancreas 7 - gall bladder 8 - salivary glands 9 - tubules 10 - Bowman's capsule

The energy needed for muscle contraction comes directly from:

ATP

Which gas will be absorbed by the erythrocytes to the exclusion of oxygen?

CO

A zygote is produced by meiosis.

False

All veins carry dark CO2-rich blood. (True or False)

False

External respiration includes expelling CO2 from cells in the body. (True or False)

False

Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through a long tube called the trachea. (True or False)

False

The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation. (True False)

False

The same ovary produces a gamete each month.

False

The clotting of blood includes all of the following materials except:

Rh factor

The waste product eliminated by the lungs is carbon dioxide. (True or False)

True

All of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton except:

bones of the forearm

The trachea divides into _________ tubes.

bronchial

A major cause of emphysema as stated in the text is:

cigarette smoking

Cartilage is found in all of the following places except:

fingernails

The pigment in the red blood cells that carries oxygen is called

hemoglobin

Hypertension is a condition involving:

high blood pressure within the arteries of the body

The patella is a bone associated with the:

knee

The vocal cords which make the sounds that enable us to speak are contained within the:

larynx

The cellular component of the blood that is involved in the body's defenses is called_______, and the cellular component that contains hemoglobin is called

leukocytes, erythrocytes

Which organ produces bile?

liver

The cellular component of the blood that is important in the blood clotting mechanism is called

platelets

A disease involving a virus that attacks the nervous system and often results in paralysis is:

poliomyelitis

The function of the nephron is to:

produce urine by filtering blood

Sperm cells are produced within the testes in structures called:

seminiferous tubules

The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished in the:

small intestine

The upper pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting is called______

systolic pressure

The exchange of gases for internal cellular respiration is accomplished by:

the circulatory system

An example of an extensor is:

triceps

What is found in the kidney pelvis?

urine

The diaphragm muscles must contract in order to force air out of the lungs (exhale). (True or False)

False

The ileum, ilium, sacrum, and pubis are associated with: the circulatory system reproductive system the pectoral system

none of the above

The group of bones which support the legs are called the _____ girdle.

pelvic

The pelvic girdle is also referred to as the______ and consists of _____ sections.

pelvis, four

The outer covering of a bone is called the

periosteum

Antibodies are:

proteins

Acceptable blood pressure for an adult is around

120/80

One type of muscle that contracts at regular intervals to allow the heart to pump blood is called______ muscle. The type which lies inside tubes or organs in the digestive tract is called ______ muscle. The type that is attached mostly to the bones and allows us to contact them at will is called ______ muscle.

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

Alveoli are structures that are:

important in respiration within the lungs

Connective tissue which holds bones together at the joints:

ligaments

Complete paralysis is usually due to:

malfunction of the nervous system

The funny bone is a:

nerve

When foreign materials like bacteria enter the body, certain types of white blood cells eat or engulf these particles by a process known as

phagocytosis

Which three glands secrete the protein fluids which are constituents of semen?

- prostate gland - Cowper's gland - vas deferens

(Select all that apply.) The skeletal system provides the body with support, aids in mobility, and is a site for muscle attachment. With what other body functions does it help?

- the production of blood cells - the protection of internal organs

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

- the veins leaving the lungs - the aorta - the arteries carrying blood to the body (not sure about all)

The average heart rate value for a healthy adult is_______ beats/min.

70

The lower pressure between heart contractions is called

diastolic pressure

The upper arm bone is the:

humerus

A, B, AB, and O blood groups are distinguished by:

proteins on the erythrocytes

The purpose of the right ventricle is to:

pump blood into the lungs to be oxygenated

The purpose of the left ventricle is to:

pump blood to the upper and lower body

Two basic processes exist in the kidney, filtration and reabsorption. Reabsorption occurs in which of the following kidney structures?

tubules

Tissue in the central canal of bone that consists chiefly of fat cells is called

yellow marrow