biology unit 9 quiz 3

primary succession

occurs in areas where no ecosystems have occurred before. This can include rocks, cliffs, and sand dunes.

The first plants and animals to inhabit a newly available ecosystem are the ____________.

pioneer species

secondary succession

occurs in areas where an ecosystem previously existed

Lichens depend on pioneer species

false

What are the hot spots of biodiversity on earth? Select all that apply.

- tropical rain forests - islands - coastal areas

Arrange the statements below to describe how a lake might become a forest in a period of 100 years. Fill in 1 to 5, 1 being the first to occur.

1. Lack of rain results in reduced water levels and an expanded shore. 2. Lichens and bacteria break down rocks near the shore into soil. 3. Pine needles, leaves, and branches from shoreline trees drop into the water thereby reducing the lake and expanding the shore. 4. Seeds from trees are dropped on the shore and trees begin to grow. 5. These processes continue until the lake is replaced by a forest.

Which of the following is true about primary and secondary succession? Select all that apply.

1. Primary succession creates soil with nutrients. 2. Secondary succession builds on primary succession.

Which of the following happen in primary succession? Select all that apply.

1. Soil is formed from bacteria and lichen on rocks on bare land after a glacier melts. 2. Plants break through cracks and crevices in concrete areas that are not maintained.

Order the following organisms involved in old-field successions as to when they occur

1. grasses 2. shrubs 3. small trees 4. large trees

Which of the following actions do you think humans can do to reduce pollutants in runoff?

1. use fewer pesticides and fertilizers 2. use non-chemical alternatives

_______________ make an area more livable for other species that will follow them.

Pioneer species

Burning fossil fuels puts an excess amount of ____________ in the atmosphere. This increases the __________ effect which could also affect __________ around the world.

carbon dioxide, greenhouse, ecosystems

Which of the following is the responsibility of government to save habitats? Select all that apply.

establishing more open spaces and regulations

endangered species

species that are likely to become extinct, if protection measures are not taken

keystone species

vital species in an ecosystem

What is the advantage of protecting entire ecosystems rather than individual species?

Chances of survival increase because the species is part of all the important relationships it needs for ultimate survival.

threatened species

species that are declining in numbers and are likely to become endangered, if protective measures are not taken

The numbers and variety of different species in a given area is _________.

biodiversity

When a new animal is introduced to a new _________ where it has no natural _________ and numerous _________, that species will have ____________ population growth and could ____ out all of its resources.

ecosystem, predators, resources, exponential, wipe

Which of the following are careers one can have in ecology? Select all that apply.

educator, technical assistant, zookeeper, land planner, natural resource manager, habitat planner

Lichens and pioneer species are the last to arrive in an ecosystem.

false

Lichens need soil.

false

Pioneer species may depend upon lichens to build the soil

false

Pioneer species need soil, but not as much and not as good quality as the species that follow them.

false

It contributes to _______ diversity and there are _________, industrial, and agricultural uses of

genetic, medicinal

greenhouse effect

greenhouse gases trap radiation from the sun, thereby heating the earth

The following can save individual species from being extinct except _____.

hunting elephants for their ivory

A species vital in an ecosystem is the ________________.

keystone species

They do not need soil to live and they help break down rocks and contribute nutrients to the soil as they die. This is a role of ________.

lichens

Which of the following organisms are involved in primary succession? Select all that apply.

mosses, lichens, bacteria

What is released during burning that causes acid rain?

nitrogen oxides

What are two types of secondary succession?

old-field, fire

These extra nutrients make algae and ____________ extremely happy and they _________ like crazy, causing an algae bloom. Algae blooms can deplete ______ in _______ systems, causing fish and other oxygen dependent organisms to ___.

phytoplankton, reproduce, oxygen, aquatic, die

Biodiversity is important because one _______ may be vital to a whole ecosystem.

species

By putting them in a zoo, passing a law, or preserving their natural habitat, you can preserve a(n) _____________ .

species

climax community

the final and stable community of an ecosystem

pioneer species

the first plants and animals to inhabit a newly available ecosystem

carrying capacity

the number of a particular species that an ecosystem can support

biodiversity

the numbers and variety of different species in a given area

ecological succession

the process of change during which the species in a community are established or replaced

runoff

the water that does not soak into the ground when it rains and then "runs off," normally to a sewer system or a river or ocean.

Which of these is an individual effort for saving a habitat? Select all that apply.

using less fuels, establishing more open spaces, establishing new regulations