biomed 2.1.2-2.1.6
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
A form of diabetes that usually develops during childhood or adolescence. Type 1 is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels
What is the systolic and diastolic reading? Which is recorded as the top number?
The systolic pressure measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart undergoes systole (heart contracts to push blood through the body) The diastolic pressure measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart undergoes diastole(heart is at rest to allow the chambers to fill with blood). Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressureWhen I listen for a blood pressure, where do I place the stethoscope?
What equipment do I need to measure vital signs?
Thermometer, blood pressure, stethoscope, weighing scale, calculator, measuring tape, pulse oximeter
What are some of the different types of lung sounds identified in the lung sounds video?
Bronchial, crackles, diminished, wheezing, ronchi, stridor, and vesicular
Which of these 4 biomolecules are used for energy by the body?
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein
What are the 4 biomolecules of the body?
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids
What blood test h is ordered to assess risk for heart disease?
Cholesterol test
Why is it important to measure vital signs?
Data gives an overall snapshot of one's health. Tracking your vital signs will help notice a difference easier and in emergency situations vital signs can to a medical profession the appropriate care needed.
How are vital signs used when you arrive at the Emergency Department?
They help medical professionals identify determine the right course of action or hep with triage
How do I measure a heartbeat/pulse? Where can I do this? Normal heart rate?
To feel your pulse put two fingers on key blood vessels (radial artery by wrist) and count how many waves/beats you felt in a minute. Your pulse will correspond to the beat of your heart. Normal heart rate for adults is anywhere from 60-100 bpm
How is Type 1 diabetes different than Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1- severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. Type 2- high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin use coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production
How can Telemedicine be used in diabetes care?
Wearable technology, biosensors, can send information about the patient to the doctor without the patient having to come into the clinic. A CGM (continuous glucose monitoring) monitor the patients glucose levels and the data is sent directly to her phone
What does a Basic Metabolic Panel measure?
Glucose, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
Know the differences between LDL and HDL
HDL cholesterol is a type of lipoprotein responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the blood stream and transporting it to the liver, LDL cholesterol is just responsible for transporting cholesterol to the cells
What is HIPAA and why do we need it?
HIPAA is the Health Insurance Policy and Accountability Act. It is needed to protect a patient's privacy
A whooshing sound produced by turbulent flow of blood through the heart is called what?
Heart murmurs
What are the steps to perform a safe blood draw?
In a true clinical setting, you would carefully dispose of the needle in a sharps container after every blood draw. Fresh and sterile needles are used for each patient to avoid the spread of blood-borne pathogens
What lifestyle changes can prevent a person from moving from prediabetes to diabetes?
Increasing exercise, weight loss, eating healthy (low in carbohydrates)
What is a blood borne pathogen and how can I protect myself?
Infectious agents that human blood can carry; you can protect yourself by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)
What types of information do medical professionals have access to while performing their jobs?
Insurance, medical history, name, address, social security
Why would a healthcare provider look in your mouth and ask you to say "Ahh"?
It allows the medical professional to observe the anatomy of the throat
What is the function of lymph fluid? Where is it found in the body?
It contains a high concentration of white blood cells and plays an important role in our immune response, and it is found all throughout our body
What is the purpose of a Snellen chart?
It helps the physician know if the patient needs corrective lenses or glasses
How is the mnemonic APT - M 2245 used to listen to the sounds made by the heart?
It is used to listen in different places of the body to hear the valve sounds of the heart
What do the letters A_B_C_D_E have to do with the skin?
It's a system that dermatologists use when they evaluate whether a mole is normal or abnormal; Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving
Know the medical terminology for the 3 main blood cells
White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
When I measure a BP, what am I measuring?
You are measuring the force applied to the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. The pressure is determined by the amount of force and the quantity of blood being pumped
How do I count the respiratory rate? Normal respiratory rate?
Your doctor will take a stethoscope and hold it on the front of your chest and on your back and check the breaths per minute. Breaths per minute tell you respiration rate. Normal rate for adults is 12-20 bpm
Describe the functions of cholesterol in our bodies.
acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids
Discuss which foods would have unsaturated fats.
corn, sunflower, olive, peanut, sesame, canola oil, avocados, many nuts and seeds
Discuss which foods would have saturated fat
fatty meats butter, cheese, dairy products made with whole milk, and fried foods
What is meant by the term Telemedicine?
healing at a distance
The body uses which hormones to regulate blood glucose?
insulin
What is cholesterol?
lipid
What are the components of blood?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Describe the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats
saturated fats, fats that are typically solid at room temperature, can cause an increase in LDL cholesterol. unsaturated fats help the cholesterol balance by decreasing LDL and increasing HDL
Why does the body perform cellular respiration?
to produce energy for the body
What are the vital signs?
Measurements—specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure—that indicate the state of a patient's essential body functions
What type of blood vessel is used to obtain a blood sample?
Median cubital
Heart murmurs are most commonly caused by abnormalities of these structures of the heart
Mitral valves
What is the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback?
Negative feedback- mechanism of homeostasis in which a change in a physiological variable triggers a reduction in another variable Positive feedback- mechanism of homeostasis in which a change in a physiological variable triggers an increase in another variable
When I listen for a blood pressure, where do I place the stethoscope?
On the brachial artery
Where can I measure a patient's temperature? What is a normal temperature?
On the forehead, armpit, or in the mouth- normal temperature is 97.8 to 99F
hat is the medical device used to look into the eyes?
Ophthalmoscope
What is the medical device used to look into the ears?
Otoscope
What health professional is responsible for taking a blood sample?
Phlebotomist
How can I measure the oxygen saturation in the blood? What is a normal oxygen saturation? Where do I place a pulse oximeter?
Pulse oximeter is how to measure the amount of oxygen in the blood. It will clip to either your finger tip, toe, or earlobe. Normal saturation is between 95%-99%
When we measure vital signs, what are we measuring?
Pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure
How do I interpret vital signs? How do I know if what I measured is normal?
Pulse- beats per minute- to see if its normal look it up Respiratory- breaths per minute Blood pressure- force moving through the veins and measured in millimeters of mercury Weight- use the formula weight/height X 703 Lungs- make sure the sound is clear Oxygen Saturation- measured using an oximeter in percentage
What might a healthcare provider see in examining the throat in a patient with tonsillitis?
Red enlarged tonsils, white or yellow patches over the tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, fever, and headache
What are some of the functions of the skin?
Reduce harmful effects of UV radiation, helps regulate temperature, and acts as a sensory organ (touch, detects temperature)
What is the name for the area on the back of the eye that receives and processes visual images and converts them into nerve impulses to send to the brain?
Retina
What is the largest organ of the human body?
Skin
This instrument is used to listen to heart sounds and lung sounds?
Stethoscope
Heart sounds are described as Lub, Dub. What caused the Lub sound? The Dub sound?
The "lub" is caused when the mitral and tricuspid valves close, and the "dub" sound is the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
How does a healthcare provider measure the visual acuity of a patient's vision?
The doctor may ask the patient to read the Snellen eye chart.
What is meant by saying that someone has / vision?
The first number is the distance that you stand from the chart, and the second number is the distance at which a person with normal eyesight could read the same line you read correctly
What is the end product of cellular respiration and why is it important?
ATP is created and it is the energy that our body uses
What is meant by APT-M 2245?
Aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral (right second intercostal, left second intercostal, fourth intercostal, fifth intercostal)
What causes a BP in the body?
BP is caused by movement of the blood through the vessels (arteries and veins) in your body
Why are physicians concerned when patients have high cholesterol?
Because too much cholesterol can cause a buildup of plaque; a fatty substance that builds up in the arteries