Biomed 4.1 Review

Valve

A body structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice, or permits movement of fluid in only one direction.

I think that this vessel closes soon after birth because the fetus technically does not use its lungs. The vessel helps deliver the oxygenated blood from the mom to the baby since the baby can not use its lungs.

A growing fetus has a vessel, the ductus arteriosus, in the heart that connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta and conducts blood directly from the right ventricle to the aorta. Why do you think this vessel closes soon after birth?

Mitral Valve

A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium. Alternative name is bicuspid valve.

Tricuspid Valve

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps.

Inferior Vena Cava

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

Superior Vena Cava

A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.

Vein

A vessel that returns blood to the heart.

Atrium

An anatomical cavity or passage; especially a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles.

Tissue

An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.

The mitral valve is supposed to prevent blood flowing back into the right atrium. If it did not close properly then there would not be enough oxygen being received by the body. It would cause mixing of blood.

Anna's autopsy report noted mitral valve prolapse. This means that the mitral valve does not close properly. Explain why this could be a problem.

Artery

Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.

There was a 1 cm difference in the wall of the left ventricle compared to the right ventricle. The left ventricle has a thicker wall.

Compare the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle to the wall of the right ventricle.

The structure of the aorta relates to its function in the heart because the aorta aids the left ventricle into helping the body receive the blood it needs. That's why it is thicker. They have to be able to withstand the pressure.

Describe how the structure of the aorta relates to its function in the heart.

The tricuspid valve does not allow blood to flow back through the right atrium.

Describe the function of the tricuspid valve in the space below.

The mechanisms that are in place to prevent the blood from flowing in the wrong direction through the heart are the valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary, and the aortic.

Describe the mechanisms in place to prevent the blood from flowing in the wrong direction through the heart.

If oxygenated blood is not delivered in a timely manner to the tissues, then the tissues would die from lack of oxygen. If the tissues die, then our organs would fail and cause our body to not function properly. The brain mainly relies on oxygen so its tissues would die.

Explain what happens to tissues, such as the heart, or the brain, if oxygenated blood is not delivered in a timely manner.

The arteries and veins of the heart are different from the pattern seen in the rest of the body because the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart, and the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the lungs.

In most of the body, the arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins carry deoxygenated blood. The exception to this pattern is the heart. Explain how and why specific arteries and veins of the heart are different from the pattern seen in the rest of the body.

The blood starts in the atrium and passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The deoxygenated blood goes through the pulmonary artery and then it travels to the lungs. After the blood would come out of the lungs, it becomes oxygen and then travels from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. The blood will then pass through the bicuspid valve leading to the left ventricle. Then the blood goes through the aortic valve to the aorta and the aorta passes it to the rest of the body. After this, coming back from the rest of the body, the vena cava passes the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium and the process continues.

In the space below, list the structures in the order the blood would meet them during its travel through the heart.

In my heart box, I can not tell that the veins are thinner than the arteries. I can not also tell that he left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.

Now that you have seen a heart up close, explain how the actual structure differs from your heart box study tool.

Systemic Circulation

The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins.

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

Pulmonary Circulation

The passage of venous blood from the right atrium of the heart through the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it is oxygenated and its return via the pulmonary veins to enter the left atrium and participate in systemic circulation.

Aortic Valve

The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

Cell

The smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently.

Cardiovascular System

The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

2 differences you can see when comparing the 4 chambers of the heart is that they are in different areas and they are not all the same shape/size. For example the left ventricle is bigger than the right ventricle because it has to pump blood to the rest of the body taking the "longer way". The thicker they are the more pressure they absorbed.

What are two differences you see when comparing the four chambers of the heart? Relate these differences to the function of each chamber.

The structural differences that I noticed between arteries and veins were that the arteries were thicker and the veins were thinner because the arteries are taking the blood to all over the body, while the veins are only taking the blood to one place.

What structural differences did you notice between arteries and veins? Relate these differences to the function of the vessels.

The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart because the left ventricle is the systematic pump and pumps blood over a longer pathway in the body, and it's walls are thicker.

Which chamber of the heart do you think is the most muscular? Explain your reasoning.

The aorta has to pump blood to the whole body, while the other great vessels only have to pump blood to one location.

describe how the thickness of the aorta compares to the other great vessels.

tiny, thin

describe leaflets

2 cusps, look kinda like flaps

describe the mitral valve

superior- large vein returns blood to the heart from upper body inferior- smaller vein returns blood to heart from lower body

difference between superior and inferior

The left ventricle pumps blood to all over the body. That is why it has thicker walls. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the right atrium.

differentiate between the functions of the left and right ventricles

The aorta brings oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

explain the function of the aorta.

The mitral valve (bicuspid) allows blood to only flow one way to the left ventricle.

explain the function of the mitral valve.

The pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

explain the function of the pulmonary veins.

The superior vena cava returns the deoxygenated blood right back to the right atrium.

explain the function of the superior vena cava.

The left and right atrium is where the blood enters the heart. The non-oxygenated blood enters through the vena cava to the right atrium.

explain the functions of the left and right atria