BISC 102- Chapter 28

Select all of the functions of the small intestine.

-Absorb nutrients -Complete food digestion

Select all of the following ways that the microbes of the digestive tract become established in a human.

-Babies acquire microbes from the milk or formula they drink. -Microbes on a mother's skin and the environment enter a baby's gut.

Select all of the following that are components of gastric juice.

-Enzymes -Hydrochloric acid -Water -Mucus

Select all of the following that apply to peristalsis.

-Helps to churn food, along with enzymes -Wavelike contractions of smooth muscle -Stimulated by autonomic nervous system

Select all of the following that are directly absorbed by the small intestine.

-Minerals -Vitamins -Simple sugars -Cholesterol -Amino acids

Select all of the following that are produced by different cells found in the gastric pits of the stomach lining.

-Mucus -A protein that becomes pepsin -Hydrochloric acid

Select all of the functions of the stomach.

-Receive food from the esophagus -Continue mechanical digestion of food -Continue chemical digestion of food

Select the reasons that a balanced diet can deliver long-term health benefits.

-Reduced risk of heart disease -Reduced risk of certain cancers -Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes -Reduced risk of high blood pressure -Reduced risk of osteoporosis

Select reasons why a high-fiber diet is beneficial to human health.

-Reduces blood cholesterol -Assists in moving food through the digestive tract -Reduces risk of colorectal cancer

Select all the functions of the large intestine.

-Water absorption -Ion absorption -Waste elimination

Select all of the functions of the liver.

-synthesize blood clotting proteins -remove bacteria and toxins from the blood -store glycogen -detoxify alcohol -produce bile

Match each number from the human digestive system diagram with its correct label.

1- Salivary Gland 2- Liver 3- Appendix 4- Esophagus 5- Stomach

Match the numbers from the human digestive system figure with their correct labels.

1- Stomach 2- Small Intestine 3- Rectum 4- Large Intestine

Place the structures in the order that food passes through them from the mouth (at the top) to the stomach (at the bottom).

1- Teeth and Tongue 2- Pharynx 3- Esophagus 4- Stomach

A(n) ____ is an organism that makes its own food molecules using inorganic materials and an energy source, such as sunlight.

Autotroph

An organism that uses inorganic materials and an energy source to build organic molecules is called a(n)

Autotroph

______ is produced in the liver and aids in fat digestion by breaking fats into little droplets.

Bile

Select all of the following that are macronutrients.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Water, & Proteins

Match the nutrient on the left with its end product of digestion on the right.

Carbohydrates- Monosaccharides Proteins- Amino Acids Fats- fatty acids and glycerol Nucleic Acids- nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates

Match each nutrient with its correct description of digestion. Instructions

Carbohydrates- digestion beings in the mouth and is completed in the small intestine Proteins- digestion beings in the stomach and is completed in the small intestine Fats- emulsified by bile and digested in the small intestine Nucleic Acid- digested in the small intestine

The risk of developing type 2 ______ can be reduced by eating a balanced diet.

Diabetes

Several foods can provide ______, which helps food move through the digestive tract. Multiple choice question.

Fiber

An organism that must consume organic molecules to obtain carbon and energy is called a(n)

Heterotroph

Animals, fungi, and many other microbes are _____, organisms that must consume organic matter to obtain carbon and energy.

Heterotrophs

The main functions of the ______ are water absorption and waste elimination.

Large Intestine

In an animal's diet, micronutrients are required in ______ macronutrients.

Lesser amounts than

Select all of the following that are among the main types of nutrients for animals.

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Water, & Proteins

The digestive system has accessory organs, such as the ______ and gallbladder which produce and store bile; salivary glands; and the ____ which produces bicarbonate and digestive enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase.

Liver; Pancreas

Water, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are four

Macronutrients

What is the difference between micronutrients and macronutrients?

Macronutrients are required in larger amounts than micronutrients are

Minerals and vitamins are types of

Micronutrients

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals are the six main types of ______ found in food that animals consume. Multiple choice question.

Nutrients

Most of the digestive enzymes in the small intestine are produced in the

Pancreas

The enzyme ______ produced by cells of the stomach begins the digestion of ______ in the stomach. Multiple choice question.

Pepsin; Proteins

Smooth muscles underlying the entire digestive tract undergo ______, which are rhythmic waves of contraction.

Peristalsis

Match each accessory organ of the digestive system with its function.

Salivary Glands and Pancreas- produce digestive enzymes Liver- produce bile Gallbladder- store bile Teeth and Tongue- process and swallow food

Completion of food digestion and the majority of nutrient absorption takes place in what long, tubular organ of the digestive system?

Small Intestine

Match the substance that is contained in pancreatic juice with its correct function.

Sodium Bicarbonate- neutralize acid from the stomach Trypsin- break down polypeptides into amino acids Amylase- break down starches Nucleases- break down DNA into nucleotides Lipase- break down fats

Gastric juice is produced by the lining of the ____.

Stomach

The muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus is called the _____ which produces gastric juice and churns food.

Stomach

The villi and microvilli greatly increase the ______ of the small intestine, which allows for faster absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Surface Area

What muscular structure in the mouth mixes food and pushes it to the back of the mouth for swallowing?

Tongue

True or false: The small intestine releases digestive enzymes that are able to act on short polysaccharides to release simple sugars for absorption.

True

The lining of the small intestine is composed of millions of finger-like projections called ______, which are lined with epithelial cells that have extensions of the cell membrane called ______. Multiple choice question.

Villi; Microvilli

Match each vitamin to the symptom caused by its deficiency in the human body.

Vitamain D- skeletal deformation Folic Acid- fatigue, neural tube defects Niacin- pellagra Vitamin C- scurvy Vitamin A- blindness

Match the vitamins to their functions in the human body. Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin C Folic Acid

Vitamin D- bone formation Vitamin A- night vision, new cell growth Vitamin C- antioxidant; production of neurotransmitters Folic Acid- manufacture of red blood cells

Select all of the following that are micronutrients.

Vitamins & Minerals

The function of bile is to

emulsify fat into small droplets to increase surface area for lipase.

The competitive exclusion theory can be applied to the bacterial species in the large intestine because

the normal bacteria in the large intestine prevent harmful bacteria from colonizing there