BISC 102 Take Home Test
What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?
DNA
In several neurological diseases, axons lose their insulating myelin sheath. What is the consequence of this loss?
Action potential transmission slows down
_____ tissue is found in a minimal extracellular matrix and stores fats for energy and insulation.
Adipose
The blood vessel with the thickest walls are the ______.
Arteries
Epithelial tissues are anchored via the _____.
Basement membrane
During digestion _____ emulsifies (breaks down) fats.
Bile
The enzyme that unwinds DNA is
gyrase
You are sorting cards with pictures of organisms and their descriptions into groups with similar organisms. You would place the card with an osprey and the description "organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms" with cards for other _____.
heterotrophs
If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject
histamine
Which would be the primary target for ADH?
kidney
What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is
oxidized.
The process whereby scientists submit their research findings to be reviewed by anonymous scientists in their field is called _____ _____.
peer review
If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which _____.
potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
The polymers with the most complex and diverse three-dimensional structures are
proteins
In a reflex, the _____ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The _____ transfers the message to the finger.
spinal cord; spinal cord
Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the _____.
stomach
When we break polymers into monomers we use this reaction:
Hydrolysis
A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)
vaccination
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disorder in which motor neurons are destroyed. How would this disorder affect muscle function?
Muscles fail to contract because they do not receive a signal to do so.
Which best describes how a neuron fires?
Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
Which polymerase is used during translation?
None
Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?
Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?
What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?
Provides a basis for comparison
If the sequence of a DNA template is ATAGCT, the product transcribed is a single stranded _____ molecule with the sequence _____
RNA, UAUCGA
The blood returning to the heart from the body enters into the _____ first, and is then pumped out towards the _____.
Right Atrium, Lungs
Once a week, Mary Ella goes on a 4-mile run before school. She burns 90 Calories per mile. On days that she runs, she treats herself to a chai tea (410 Calories) instead of black tea (0 calories). Assuming everything else in her diet is the same, predict how her weight will change.
She will slowly gain weight
Which is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?
The virus mutates rapidly, changing its outer coat.
Cells use energy for which of the following?
To expel waste To move substances across membranes To synthesize proteins
The process of translating multiple stimuli into electrical signals is called _____.
Transduction
The AV note sends a signal down the _____.
Ventricle walls
Which is the best example of emergent properties?
Welding metal together makes an office building
Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?
to help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
If you were trying to block an antibody that was causing an autoimmune disease in a patient, you would want to find a way to cover and inactivate the _____.
variable region.
The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is _____, versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is _____.
to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack pathogenic cells in cell-mediated immunity
A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n) _____.
antigen
You are working in a diagnostic lab, and you receive a skin biopsy sample. The sample shows several groups of cancerous cells in the epithelium, so you say in your report that you found several _____.
carcinomas
Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell _____.
continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.
When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?
decreased absorption of nutrients
The first cell after fertilization is called a(n) _____.
zygote
