BISC 160 Summer - Test 1

A large organelle found in an eukaryotic cell that genetically controls the cell's activities is the a. centriole b. nucleus c. vacuole d. mitochondria

b. nucleus

The cytosol and ___ are two components of the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell. a. the smooth ER b. ribosomes c. chloroplasts d. mitochondria

b. ribosomes

Molecules containing a large number of hydroxyl groups are a. basic b. soluble in water c. complex macromolecules d. non-polar

b. soluble in water

The shape of a folded protein is determined by a. its tertiary structure b. the sequence of its amino acids c. whether the peptide bonds have alpha or beta linkages d. the base-pairing rules

b. the sequence of its amino acids

What is the purpose of a buffer? a. to convert an acid to a base b. to minimize the change in pH c. to measure the acidity of a solution d. to form a stable bond between atoms e. to maintain a constant internal temperature

b. to minimize the change in pH

All of the following are non-polar except for a. N2 b. O2 c. NaCl d. H2 e. CH4

c. NaCl

Which of the following has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions? a. human blood, pH 7 b. baking soda, pH 9 c. household ammonia, pH 11 d. cola, pH 3

d. cola, pH 3

The overall shape of a cell is determined by its a. nucleus b. endoplasmic reticulum c. cell membrane d. cytoskeleton

d. cytoskeleton

What part of the atom determines how the atom reacts chemically? a. proton b. nucleus c. neutron d. electron

d. electron

The number of protons in a neutral atom equal the number of a. neutrons b. isotopes c. neutrons minus electrons d. electrons e. electrons plus neutrons

d. electrons

You isolate a cellular structure and determine that it is composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin. Based on the evidence, you correctly identify this structure as a(n): a. microfilament b. intermediate filament c. actin filament d. microtubule e. both A and C

d. microtubule

A molecule that has an important role in limiting what gets into and out of cells is a. fat b. glucose c. DNA d. phospholipid

d. phospholipid

A macromolecule that is isolated from the bone of dinosaurs and is found to have nitrogen-carbon-carbon repeats would be classified as a(n) a. lipid b. polysaccharide c. nucleic acid d. polypeptide

d. polypeptide

A general function of all cellular membranes is to a. produce proteins for the cell b. move the cell c. support the cell and determine its shape d. regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell e. produce energy for the cell

d. regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell

Proteins produced by ribosomes pass through several cellular structures before reaching their raged destination. Which of the following represents the structures, in the correct order, that will be encountered by a newly synthesized protein targeted for outside the cell? a. SER; RER; trans Golgi; cis Golgi; vesicle; plasma membrane b. RER; vesicle; cis Golgi; trans Golgi; vesicle; plasma membrane c. SER; cis Golgi; vesicle; trans Golgi; vesicle; plasma membrane d. RER; SER; cis Golgi; vesicle; trans Golgi; lysosome; plasma membrane

? not A

Which of the following features is the same in muscle cells and gut cells? a. proteins formed b. genome c. local cell environment d. cell functions e. expressed genes

?? not A maybe B

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is false? a. DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer. b. DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil. c. DNA usually has two polynucleic strands, whereas RNA usually has one strand. d. In DNA, A pairs with T, whereas in RNA, A pairs with U. e. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA has ribose sugar.

a. DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer.

A molecule with the formula C15H30O15 is a a. carbohydrate b. nucleic acid c. protein d. lipid

a. carbohydrate

A phylogenetic tree a. diagrams the evolutionary history of a particular group of organisms b. is based on binomial nomenclature c. only catalogues fossil plants d. only uses genome sequencing data e. classifies all plant species based on their habitats

a. diagrams the evolutionary history of a particular group of organisms

Which of the following are components of chloroplasts? a. grana and thylakoids b. chromatin and nucleoplasm c. cristae and matrix d. a trans region and a cis region

a. grana and thylakoids

What type of bond connects two complementary nucleotides? a. hydrogen b. covalent c. peptide d. phosphodiester

a. hydrogen

The role of cellular organelles is to a. increase the efficiency of cellular activities b. regulate the flow of traffic inside the cell c. decrease the flow of materials into and out of the cell d. provide structural support for the cell e. provide a means of cellular respiration

a. increase the efficiency of cellular activites

The coding of a DNA sequence to make an RNA sequence is called a. transcription b. expression c. translation d. catalysis

a. transcription

An atom with ___ has an atomic mass of 14. a. 7 neutrons and 7 electrons b. 6 protons and 8 neutrons c. 14 electrons d. 7 protons and 7 electrons

b. 6 protons and 8 neutrons

Which of the following statements is true? a. DNA is partially replicated but completely transcribed. b. DNA is completely replicated but only partially transcribed. c. RNA is completely replicated but only partially transcribed. d. DNA is partially replicated but completely translated. e. DNA is completely replicated but only partially translated.

b. DNA is complete replicated but only partially transcribed.

Which of the following statements concerning genetic information in most cells is true? a. The flow of information in a cell is from DNA to protein to RNA. b. The flow of information in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein. c. The entire DNA molecule is copied to RNA during DNA replication. d. The flow of information in a cell is from protein to RNA to DNA.

b. The flow of information in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein.

The surface are to volume ratio of a cell a. increases with decreasing surface area of the cell b. accounts for the size limit of cells c. affects how molecules are distributed across the cell d. increases with increasing volume of the cell e. is of little significance in painting cell homeostasis

b. accounts for the size limit of cells

Leucine and valine have side chains that do not interact with water; therefore, they a. hydrophilic b. are non-polar c. are electrically charged d. have sulfur atoms in their side chains

b. are non-polar

How can we identify a particular element? a. by its number of electrons b. by its number of protons c. by its number of neutrons d. by its shape of valence shells

b. by its number of protons

Which of the following is NOT a correct monomer/polymer pairing? a. monosaccharide/polysaccharide b. cellulose/triglyceride c. nucleotide/nucleic acid d. monosaccaride/starch

b. cellulose/triglyceride

After observing that fish live in clean water but not polluted water, researchers state that "polluted water kills fish". This statement is an example of a(n) a. prediction b. hypothesis c. theory d. observation

b. hypothesis

What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? a. A prokaryotic cell is larger than an eukaryotic cell. b. A prokaryotic cell does not have DNA in a chromosome. c. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the ribosomes. d. A prokaryotic cell cannot obtain energy form its environment.

c. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the ribosomes.

Which of the following correctly states an unusual property of water? a. The conversion of water from its solid to its liquid state doesn't require energy. b. Solid water (ice) is denser than liquid water. c. The hydrogen bonds between water molecules continually form and break. d. Little heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of water. e. Water will not react with other atoms.

c. The hydrogen bonds between water molecules continually form and break.

Which of the following statements about fatty acids is true? a. They become saturated at low pH. b. They contain glycerol and a carboxyl group. c. They are composed of hydrocarbon tails and a carboxyl group. d. They contain three fats bonded to a glycerol. e. They are carbohydrates linked to a hydrocarbon chain.

c. They are composed of hydrocarbon tails and a carboxyl group.

If an unknown substance dissolves when placed in water, this substance is least likely a. a starch b. composed of chitin c. a lipid d. any of the above

c. a lipid

Amino and carboxyl functional groups tend to form bases and acids by gaining or losing a. a neutron b. an electron c. a proton d. both A and B e. both B and C

c. a proton

Which of the following is NOT a correct bond for the macromolecule? a. proteins/peptide b. lipid/ester c. carbohydrate/peptide d. nucleic acid/phosphodiester e. all of the above are correctly paired

c. carbohydrate/peptide

Which of the following represents the correct order of the levels of complexity at which life is studied, from the most inclusive to least inclusive? a. cell; tissue; organ; organism; population; community b. community; organism; population; organ; tissue; cell c. community; population; organism; organ; tissue; cell d. community; organism; population; cell organ; tissue e. community; population; organ; organism; tissue; cell

c. community; population; organism; organ; tissue; cell

Which of the following is the correct order (in decreasing order) for the relative strengths of chemical bonds? a. ionic; covalent; van der Waals frohes; Hydrogen b. ionic; covalent; hydrogen; van der Waals forces c. covalent; ionic; hydrogen; van der Waals forces d. van der Waals fores; hydrogen; ionic; covalent e. covalent; hydrogen; ionic; van der Waals forces

c. covalent; ionic; hydrogen; van der Waals forces

What type of amino acid side chains would you expect to find on the surface of a protein embedded in a cell membrane? a. hydrophilic b. charged c. hydrophobic d. polar, but not charged

c. hydrophobic

Glucose and fructose both have the formula C6H12O6, but the atoms in these two compounds are arranged differently. Glucose and Fructose are therefore a. isotopes b. pentoses c. isomers d. polysaccharides

c. isomers

All of the following are characteristics of life except a. evolution b. reproduction c. multicellularity d. homeostasis

c. multicellularity

What is attached to the 5' carbon of deoxyribose in DNA? a. guanine b. uracil c. phosphate d. thymine e. -OH

c. phosphate

The difference between an acid and a base is that an acid ___, whereas a base ___. a. undergoes a reversible reaction; does not b. releases OH- ions in a solution; accepts OH- ions c. releases H+ ions in a solution; accepts H+ ions d. releases H+ ions in solution; accepts H- ions e. releases OH- ions in solution; releases H+ ions

c. releases H+ ions in a solution; accepts H+ ions

Starch and glycogen are similar in that they a. both denature into a peptide backbone b. are both composed of fructose monomers c. are both polymers of amino acids d. both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen e. both store genetic information

d. both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

In condensation reactions, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from a. carbohydrates b. one of the reactants c. the enzyme d. both of the reactants

d. both of the reactants

The six elements most common in organisms are a. nitrogen, carbon, iron, sulfur, calcium, and hydrogen b. calcium, iron, hydrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and oxygen c. phosphorus, helium, carbon, potassium, hydrogen, and oxygen d. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen e. water, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and oxygen

d. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen

In which of the following locations would you NOT expect to find RNA? a. prokaryotic cell b. ribosome c. nucleolus d. vacuole e. mitochondria

d. vacuole